Appraisal of the Extent of Purchasing Department’s Involvement in International Buying in Agricultural Institutions complete project materials from chapter one to five with references and abstract
TABLE OF CONTENT
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CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Background of the study
Statement of problem
Objective of the study
Significance of study
Research hypothesis
Limitation of the study
Definition of terms.
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
2.1 Purchasing (What is Entails)
Types of purchasing
Meaning of International Buying
Reasons for growth international buying
Purchasing through agencies
Pre-knowledge of international buying
Problems of international purchasing
Pre-shipping Arrangement
Understand industrial buying
Industrial buying process
Who is involved in the buying process
The purchasing professional understanding buyers motivation
CHAPTER THREE
Methodology
Area of study
Sample frame
Sample size and procedure
Instrument for data collection
Method for data collection
Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Analysis and Interpretation of data
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary of Findings, Recommendation and Conclusion.
5.1 Recommendation
Conclusion
Bibliography
Research Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Often a purchaser tries to survey and search for the most satisfactory source of procurement. Many are due to discovery that no competent and effective supplier could be found. However, due to this circumstance, a purchaser may resort to buying internationally after realizing that local could not meet organizational requirement, may be owing to the fact that local that the source is substandard or insufficient to size –up with production demand for such materials needed.
However, most countries depend, to some extent, on importing raw materials from overseas, buying from abroad is more difficult than buying locally from indigenous market because of difference in culture, language, currency e.t.c.
Despite all these problems purchase of raw-materials, capitals goods, etc, still depend on sourcing internationally to meet domestic needs. No single nations can claim to be self-sufficient and as such, the concept of comparative advantage makes it possible for nations without required or not enough raw materials and /or finished goods, to import such from other nations.
Therefore, International purchasing is the sourcing and purchasing of goods and services form a neighboring kind across the boundaries of the buyer’s country. Subsequently, the following reasons prompt the urge to buy from abroad.
- Local Capacity may be inefficient to meet demand importation becomes the only source to make up such lapses. For instance, the consumption of rice in the Nigeria market is something to study despite the large quantities produced by domestic individuals the market consumers still scramble for foreign rice.
- Specification may not be available domestically. No one country commands monopoly on new technology. A company may be in need of items with special specifications that can only be found in a foreign market.
- Cost benefits; Generally, off share sources have been able to offer Nigeria buyers lower prices on manufactured goods because of law labour, material and overhead cost, the costs may be cheaper because of better improved productivity, better plant or other facilities.
- Quality; This factor constitutes one of the reasons for sourcing oversea. Quality in this sense should be regarded as the inherent priority of the materials as distinct from those available domestically.
- Maintenance of alternative supplier may improve supply security by having a second source in a different country. This helps to maintain continuity in supply of materials for production to be hitch-free. In the light f the above, the purchasing department serves as a means of contributing to the attainment of the general objective of any profit oriented organization as well as success oriented ones. Materials command about 60% of company’s expenditure and so stands a circle chance of determing the success or failure of the whole organization. The purchasing department process all the materials needed to be used in production process at all time. Therefore, it is the purchasing department that goes into the international market to buy when these materials are lacking or inadequate in the domestic market
1.1 BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY
The international Institute of Tropical Agriculture (I.I.T.A) was found in 1967. The Federal government of Nigeria provided land grant of 1,00 hectres Institute. The provided land area carries on it, the institute’s offices, workers residential building and experimental form.
The institute is governed by an international board of trustees. The staff include nearly 200 scientists and professional staff from about countries all over the world, who work at the Ibadan Campus.
The international institute of Tropical Agriculture is one of the thirteen non-profit making international research centres in the world and it’s supported by the consultative group on international agricultural research (CGIAR) to run it’s programme body was set up in 1971. The purpose research effort is to improve the quality of and annual production in developing countries.
Also the goal of the (I.I.T.A) is to increase productivity of key crops and to develop substantial agricultural system that can replace bush fallow or slash and burn cultivation in the humid and sub-humid topics.
In the international purchasing, there are difficulties in dealing with sources oversees which is not encountered in the domestic setting. Additionally these prevailing circumstance have prompted this research work to shade more light on the extent of purchasing department involvement international buying.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
The main objective of this study would be to identify and establish the impact that the purchasing department contribute in the display of witness in the procurement of nationals internationally in the operation of the international of institute of Tropical Agriculture. In the history of industrial function in the achievement attained as a result of constant improved product design.
The inability of the purchasing department to adequately perform its function could be attributed to the following lapses.
- Wrong purchasing policies
- Lack of skilled and professional purchasers
- Lack of skilled necessary incentive to inspire the purchasing functions to high level efficiency.
- Lack of effective Co-ordination of efforts of different department in the organization.
Having considered these problems and probably their various effects, the researcher would wish to analyse and their after effects and give recommendation for improvement.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY.
The following are the objectives of this research work analyzed and discussed step by step.
- To unveil the plague that is covering the functions needed to be performed by the purchasing department, so that the material required by the entire organisation can be made handy-ready.
- To enable the researcher offer positive can problems encountered in PM-pointing at the impact of purchasing department involvement in international procurement.
- To design a workable solution to the problems of buying and storage of goods that will conform to standard and specification as given various department under an establishment.
- To provide suggestions to the management of I.I.T.A towards solving of problems of filling the position of purchasing department with qualifies incompetent and constrained personnel.
Apart from the proceeding objectives, the primary national extends to meeting the pre-requisite for the partial fulfillment of the award of the Higher National Diploma (HND) in institute of Management and Technology I.M.T Enugu.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Particularly the purchasing department involvement in international buying will be extensively discussed and the definition of the word ‘purchasing internationally will be viewed along side with the different types of purchasing activities that are usually obtainable in I.I T.A for instance, there s local purchase f material domestically.
The role of purchasing department to meet organization aim is very essential and this will be focussed on this work of research. Another area to be covered in this project will also include the relationship that exist in the organization between purchasing department and others
Therefore, the purchasing functions include the placing of orders, progressing, inspection, and inventory and stock control. It will also embody all details that are needed to be know before is supporting the idea that the purchasing function is having a great impact and role to play in achieving the aims and objectives of the organization.
The research will be limited only the case study chosen which is the international Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) .
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