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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Definition of Concepts
Crime
Delinquency
Crime against Person
Crime against Property
Elites
Police
Criminology
Penology
Victimology
Victimless Crime
Criminalities
Criminal Justice System
Crime Statistics
Public Relation
Community Policing
CHAPTER TWO
History of Nigerian Police
History of Elites Community Initiative
Origin of Community Policing
History/ Functions of Police-Community Relations Committee (PCRC)
CHAPTER THREE
Nigeria Police and Community Policing
Exploring Community Policing in Nigeria
Community Policing viz-a-viz Elites Community Initiative
CHAPTER FOUR
Definition of Theory
Functionalist School
Functionalism & Community Policing: The Elites Community Initiative perspective
Social Control Theory
Strain Theory
Theory of Differential Association
The Socialist School
Positivist School or Biogenetic Theory of Crime
Criticism of Biogenetic Theory of Crime
CHAPTER FIVE
Police Corruption
Causes of Police Corruption
The Bag Eggs’ Theory
Police/Elites Officers in Crime Control in Nigeria
Crime prevention and control beats
Criminal Investigation
Edmond Locard Theory of Protection of Crime Scene
Forensic Psychology
Scientific Criminal Investigation
Forensic Science
Conducting successful Interrogations
CHAPTER SIX
Security
Security Challenges in Nigeria
Emergency of Suicide Bombers in Nigeria (“Boko Haram”)
Human Trafficking in Nigeria
Kidnapping in Nigeria
REFERENCES
FOREWORD
The importance of law and order in the society cannot be overemphasized and the issue of law enforcement in the scheme of things remains very paramount in Nigeria in a bid to minimize crime rate. The book “Crime and Community Policing”, “The Elites Community Initiative Perspective” here highlighted the important role of the police, officers of elites community initiative and other existing security agencies in Nigeria in the drive towards crime prevention in the society.
This book examined how police or Elites officer – community partnership which is invariably referred to as community policing can be visible in Nigeria so that it can minimize the crime rate in the country. It conceptualized the need for the police or elites community initiative officers to imbibe the spirit and tenet of community policing as a vehicle to drive home the menace of crime prevention and detection by focusing on neighbourhood-watch as a panacea to reducing crime in Nigeria.
Articles in Journals, case laws, books, statues, regulations and some unpublished legal materials were consulted to argue that the Nigeria police has a lot of problems that needed complete overhaul.
The book started with the definition of concepts of crime, History of Nigeria police/Elites Community Initiative, Community Policing in Nigeria and Theories of Crime, The issues of Police Corruption in Nigeria, Criminal Investigation and the latest modern/scientific investigation and how to conduct successful interrogation were well convincingly underscored.
This book, supported as it is, by very reliable and empirical data will be useful to students of criminology, sociology, social sciences, humanities and trainees of security organizations in Nigeria.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Recent studies on crime reveal that there is a steady increase in crime rate the world over. It is believed that the reason for this ugly trend ranges from the inordinate ambition of some politicians fragrant display of power passion for material acquisition, exploitation of the masses by those in powerful positions, poverty, inter-Ethnic rivalry, economic depression, high unemployment rate, marginalization among others.
Several attempts have been made by the Federal Government to improve the relationship between Police and members of the Public. Many programmes has been organized to improve on this relationship and this includes the formation of the Police Community Relations Committee in 1988 by the then Inspector General of Police EtimInyang. This was in a bid to elicit compliance of members of the committee to assist the police in crime detection and control.
In an ideal society, the police or elites at all ought to be servants of the people. If this is the case, there would be no antagonism and hostility between the Police or Elites officers and the communities they serve in a bid to combat crime. However, the literature on Police Community Relations and crime control reveals that the Police are often in conflict with a significant percentage of the population in almost all the countries of the world. (Alemika and Chukwuma 2000).
This is so because modern societies are diverse in economic, social and cultural composition, which the Police and Elites officers may not be neutral in respect to competing and sometimes antagonistic class relations no matter how hard they try.
Secondly, Police are agents of state employed to maintain social order in the interest of the rulers and the dominant economic class are paramount. Therefore, police enforcement of the laws which promotes the interest of the rulers to the detriment of the majority of the population, invariably put them in hostile relations with their host communities across countries (Alemika, 1999).
Therefore, since the nature of Police and Elites officers work is providing security service to the communities, it is necessary their relationship is made cordial, rather than antagonistic to each other. Research has shown that the Police Community partnership is not simply an exercise in public relations rather is an important tool for the Police to employ in order to perform their duties successfully.
DEFINITIONS OF CONCEPTS
CRIME
It is difficult to present a universal definition of crime. This is because an act may be a crime in one society but not so regarded as crime in another society. Likewise, an act defined as a crime at one time may not be so defined as crime in another time.
In some cases, even if similar acts are defined as crime in different societies, the gravity or seriousness to which each society views the acts may be different.
In a strict legal definition, however, a crime is a violation of the criminal law, which is subsequently followed by legal punishment.
DELINQUENCY
Delinquency is simply refers to the multi-social behaviors of youths under 18 years of age. The term juvenile delinquency is applied to the law of young persons aged 7 and 17 years who commit acts that violate social norms such as theft assault & vandalism.
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