Download complete project materials on The Practice Of Business Ethics And Firms’ Performance In Nigeria from chapter one to five
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION OF THE PROBLEM
Introduction 1
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Hypotheses
1.5 Significance of Study
1.6 Scope/Delimitation
1.7 Chapterization
CHAPTE TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Conceptual Issues in Ethics
2.3 Expected Business Ethics
2.4 Guiding factors in Business Ethics
2.5 Firm performance
2.6 Measures of firm performance
2.7 Factors responsible for firm performance
2.8 Ethics and firm performance
2.9 Theoretical framework
CHAPTER THREE:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
2.2 Research Design
3.3 Population
3.4 Sample and Sampling Technique
3.5 Sources and Instrument of Data Collection
3.5.1 Validity and Reliability of the Instrument
3.5.2 Administration of Instrument
3.6. Method of data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR: ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Number of Questionnaire and Respondents
4.3 Scoring
4.3.1 Section A: Background into the Subject
4.3.2 Section B
4.4 Interview Results
4.5 Statistical Results
4.5.1 Null Hypothesis 1
4.5.2 Null Hypothesis 2
4.5.3 Null Hypothesis 3
4.6 Discussion of Results
4.7 Summary of chapter four
CHAPTER FIVE:
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of the Dissertation
5.2 The Findings
5.2.1 Theoritical postulates
5.2.2 Statistical Findings
5.3 Conclusion
5.3.1 Conclusion Based on the Findings
5.4 Recommendations
References
CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION
According to Standard Education Corporation SEC (1984) Ethics is “the science of moral values and duties, the study of ideal human character and of human conduct and the consequences of it”. It is believed that business ethics is not a recent phenomenon but a concept that dates back to 2000 years ago and ethical values have been expected to guide business transaction since then.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Ethics is it and it was and will be in the tumult competitive business world. Therefore, to the important class of business men and women who run companies and corporations who are unevenly qualified by education and experience but uniformly burdened by the same kind of responsibilities to be made elite not by inheritance or schooling but by their assigned duties of leading well their organization that develop material wealth that constitute the civilization and make life worth while, the need for a thorough understanding of business ethics in this research is over whelmingly emphasized.
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In order to create wealth the firms must sell their products, there must be a toga (identify) for individual firms which translate to business or firms ethics that forms the basis for attitude towards standard? The essence of this is for the Government, employers and employees to be on their guard to grow the economy through more sales by firms and wealth creation through deliberate- policy, programme and regulation since performance is judged by results.
It is most desirable that certain rules and regulation are usually put in place to guide the operation of any association of people including firms which has sets of rules and regulation guiding the activity or functions hence ethics according to Manuel (2002) is the discipline that examines one’s moral standards or the moral standards of a society. It asks how these standards apply to our lives and whether these standards are reasonable or unreasonable, which means whether they are supported by good reasons or poor ones.
On the other hand business transactions are carried out in Nigeria between persons on one to one basis, between two corporations, Nations and economic blocks. These business activities are under taken by and within business communities which are directed by certain principles and Norms which calls for Ethics.
This Dissertation focuses on business ethics as expected and practiced around Kaduna in Nigeria. In carrying out this task, effort is geared towards presenting an over view of the conceptual framework directing ethical issues and what constitute business ethics will be highlighted and Examinations of how the level of such ethics direct the current practices in business organizations’ transaction, giving a perusal at the enabling and disabling factors.
It is hoped that the out come of the examination will assist readers of this dissertation in forming an opinion verdict about the status of business ethics in selected firms in Kaduna today and what to do about such a verdict. The selected firms are as follows:
- Tak fertilizers Kaduna.
- Nigeria Bottling Company, Kaduna
- Peugeot Automobile Nigeria, Kaduna
- Kaduna Aluminum Limited Kadun
- Unilever Kaduna Nigeria Plc Kaduna
- First Bank Plc.
- Tak fertilizers Limited,
Kaduna is an offshoot of fertilizers and chemicals limited Kaduna which was established in 1989. Since the inception of the firm, it has indulged in the manufacture of NPK fertilizer. The board of directors has the power of restructuring the organization.
Thus the firm since its inception has been producing (blending) fertilizers for Government usages which entails allocation to various states of the federation and recently has been producing on retail basis.
There are five departments in this organization among which are the production department, marketing, logistic department, Human resource department, accounting department and the research unit.
However, the main focus of this dissertation is the entire performance of these departments in line with keeping with the norms of the firm in terms of the practice of business ethics taking into cognizance the objective of the company which is to produce NPK fertilizers that serve three purposes, which include:
- To maximize the use of Nigerian indigenous raw materials
- To accommodate the agronomical recommendations of the Nutrient ratios as laid down by the Federal ministry of Agriculture.
- To save scarce foreign exchange by making available “made in Nigeria” fertilizers from Tak fertilizers limited.
- In line with this, Drucker, (1954) Potray this in his submission that, “a good objective and management by itself is not enough without practical achievements”. This practical achievement translates into the desired results of the organization as a product of performance in order to create wealth and grow the firm economically.
Nigerian Bottling Company Plc:
Nigeria bottling is a firm in the beverage industrial sector in the Nigerian economy. It is the producer and marketer of Coco-Cola product in Nigeria as far back as 1953 which was first set up in Lagos state at Apapa to be precise by A.J. Leventist who is equally the proprietor of NBC. The Kaduna firm was established in the year 1976 when bottling commenced which heralded an exciting story of growth and development over the years.
The firm is today the leading bottler of soft drinks selling more than 6 million bottles per day in terms of performance. The company is still expanding having existing 15 plants and the commissioning of new plants in various parts of the federation. Among the product Bottled by Nigerian Bottling Company (NBC) include Fanta, Ginger Ale, Fanta Tonic, Fanta Soda (Club Soda) Five alive, eva water and other related drinks like Sprite.
The performance of coca-Cola has given birth to sister firms since the firm is the largest manufacturer of carbon (iv) oxide for the carbonating of soft drinks in Nigeria market. Among these sister firms are the Delta Glass company, Ughelli which supplies the company the required bottles to keep the firm in operation and the crown product factory in Ijebu Ode and-Kano which manufactures the metal crown to seal the bottle.
The Benin plastic company which make the plastic crates for carrying the bottles. These not withstanding, the company also assembles all familiar trucks that conveys their materials to all nooks and cranies in Nigeria, thereby reaching over sixty thousand dealers in Nigeria. Nigeria Bottling Company employs over 7,000 workers in all fields of operations in Nigeria.
iii. Peugeot Automobile Nigeria, Kaduna
Peugeot manufactures the Peugeot and citron models. The company has been in this business for over a hundred years in France and later Britain, Spain, Asia and South America. The Company is Subdivided into automobile Mechanical Engineering and Services, Human resource, financial services. The models produced which are serial were selected for assembly in Nigeria which has total quality, reliability, resilience and long life in terms of usage.
From its first appearance in 1957, it became clear that the vehicle would be suitable for Nigeria roads. The assembly was initiated by the military Government of General Yakubu Gowon. The Peugeot 403 models were first accepted as model in 1957, the product of the company made popular demand in the autobuile market with the further introduction of the 404 model which gave the company a higher market share in the 1960s.
Based on this land mark, that is the popular acceptability of the company’s product, May 7, 1971 witnessed the acceptance of Automobile Peugeot of France proposal; of the Government of the Federation and subsequently metamorphosed in December 15, 1972 into what is known as PAN which was incorporated as a limited liability company with an authorized capital of N3,000,000.00. The assembly was commissioned by the then Head of state, General Yakubu Gowon on March 4, 1975. Though the company commenced full operation on March 2, 1975.
The focus of the young company in Nigeria then was to ensure massive production of vehicles, particularly cars based on demand and the need to save the Nation foreign exchange revenues. In the long run the company was to create employment opportunities for Nigerians to contribute to the Gross Domestic product (GDP).
More importantly, the plant was to have multiplier effect which could result in the development of various auxiliary industries to manufacture different components required. This entails developing local contents for all the components on the long term both for local and international consumption. In line with this the Government put in place clear policy guidelines for the development of auto industry in Nigeria.
Peugeot Automobile is headed by a Chairman board of Directors. A managing Director assisted by a deputy Managing Director who equally heads the management team and oversees the day to day activities of the firm. The firm is structured based on its size with the various divisions, like finance recruitment /training, human resource/personnel Administration.
iv, Uni-lever Nigeria Plc
The company was incorporated as lever brother (West Africa) Ltd on 11th of April 1923 by Lord Lever Hulme. The company has a trading interest in Nigeria and West Africa and has been greatly involved with the soap business in Britain and started as Uni-lever Nigeria Plc in soap manufacturing firm in Nigeria.
The company has gone through-series of merger and acquisition including diversifying into manufacturing of food, Non-soap detergent and personal care product. The merger and acquisition brought in lipton Nigeria Ltd in 1985.
The company got its name Uni-lever Nigeria Plc IN 2001. It is a public liability company guoted on the Nigeria stock exchange since 1973 with Nigerians currently having 49% of equity Holding. The company is staffed by both Nigerians and foreigners. It presently has over 25,000 employee made up of the best managers.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
An important element that can bring about performance in an organization is the staff. They are supposed to be conversant with the Ethics in business organization which is pre-requisite to performance and the attendant desired results. Hence, imbibing business ethics will bring about more results with less effort instead of the opposite which is prevailing in firms where the code is, the end justifies the means which has translated into the following dilemma.
High prices of made in Nigeria goods which hinder patronage even on the part of Nigerians. Low quality which discourages patronage. High un-employment due to low out put thus, a reduction in the GDP. Low growth of firms and some times total closure Hence low developmental effort.
In this regard, there is the need for business ethics and managerial expertise (wizardry) to penetrate the world market in order to overcome the persistent decline in performance in some firms in Kaduna. Based on this, one can now ask the question, has the business firms in Kaduna actually utilizes and benefited from business ethics? It is this nagging question that makes this study moves to appraise the impact of business ethics in selected firms in Kaduna, Kaduna State. The study is focused in addressing issues of benefits emanating from utilizing business ethics in selected firms. Hence the following questions:
- What is the nature of business ethics in firms?
- What is the focus and magnitude of business ethics in the selected firms?
- What are the impacts of business ethics on the selected firms?
- What factors reduces firms benefit from business ethics?
- Is business ethics really a necessary way of improving performance in the selected firms?
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This study was carried out to find out the following:
- The Nature of business ethics in the selected firms
- The magnitude of business ethics in the firms.
- The impact of business ethics in the selected firms.
- The factors that reduce firms benefit from business ethics.
- Weather business ethics is a necessity for improving performance in the selected firms.
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