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ABSTRACT
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This project examines “An Evaluation of Physical Distribution Efforts in the Marketing of Agricultural Input at Fertilizers and Chemical Ltd Kaduna. An introduction was made in the first chapter, follow by the statement of the problem as well as the objective of the study.
The research reviewed some notable authors text that are related to the topic the chapter three contains the research methodology where the researcher choose survey research design in the collection of data presentation and analysis of date are made in the chapter four as a well as test of hypothesis. The chapter five summarize all what had been discussed in the previous chapters conclusion was drawn and recommendations were made based on the findings of the research.      Â
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Declaration
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1Â Â Â Â Background of study
1.2Â Â Â Â Statement f problem
1.3Â Â Â Â Objective of study
1.4Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Statement of hypothesis
1.5Â Â Â Â Significance of the study
1.6Â Â Â Â Scope of the study
1.7Â Â Â Â Limitations of the study
1.8Â Â Â Â Historical background of the study
1.9Â Â Â Â Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1Â Â Â Â Definition of physical distribution
2.2Â Â Â Â Physical Distribution System
2.3Â Â Â Â other functional Areas of physical Distribution
2.4Â Â Â Â Aims of Physical Distribution
2.5Â Â Â Â Effective use of Physical Distribution
2.6Â Â Â Â Importance of Physical Distribution
2.7Â Â Â Â Factors Affecting choice of distribution Channel
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1Â Â Â Â Research design
3.2 Â Â Â Research population
3.3Â Â Â Â Research Instrument used
3.4Â Â Â Â Methods of Gathering Data
3.5Â Â Â Â Justification of the Method Used
3.6Â Â Â Â Method of Data Analysis
3.7Â Â Â Â Justification of the Instrument Used
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CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1Â Â Data Presentation
4.2Â Â Data Analysis
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1Â Â Summary of Findings
5.2Â Â Conclusion
5.3Â Â Recommendations
References
Appendix I:
Appendix II:
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Physical distribution is concerned with the efficient movement of raw materials from suppliers and finished goods from the end of the production line to the customers.
From another point of view, the term physical distribution management refers to the development and operation of efficient flow system for product in its full scope, physical distribution for manufacturers would involved the movement of finished goods from the end of the production line to the final customers, and the flow of new materials from their source of supply to the production line.
A number of important activities must be performed effectively by any organization that may want to succeeded in its physical distribution effort, these are grouped under four main categories called physical distribution activity centers namely: Transportation, inventory, warehousing and communication.
Thus an effective physical distribution system can make important addition to the bundle of utility buyers consider as well as excellent means for an individual firm to create a competitive differential for its products. The total concept of physical distribution centres on getting the appropriate assorted to products in the right place at the right time and to maximize the opportunity for profitable sales.
Roles Of Local Government In Socio-Economic Development In Nigeria
The inadequate of marketing system of developing economics are most glaring in the area of physical distribution of agricultural inputs. In this regard, the researcher considers it most appropriate to look into those inadequacies and provide solution to them if possible.
The growth in human population urbanization has largely reduced the available land for agricultural purposes. Yet those phenomena have placed more demand on agriculture for more goods and raw materials. The implication of this is that the ever decreasing farmland must be made to produce more to meet the over increasing food and raw materials requirement of nature.
Successive government in Nigeria have formulated policies on fertilizer to keep pace with the objective, based on the realization that in organic fertilizers hold the key to increase agricultural production and improvement of soil fertility in Nigeria in the foreseeable future.
The government policy of raw importation of fertilizer in 1946 is an instance of policy inconsistency of Nigeria government. This is because the supply gap crated by local producers owing to a number of constraints, including lack of adequate funds, transport, infrastructures, constant breakdown of sources of power, and high cost of genuine space parts and low capacity for which replacement have resulted in late delivery of fertilizer shipment. Other constraints include unauthorized fertilizer delivery and black marketing which has been difficult to stamp out.
Fertilizer is a widely used product both in the urban and rural areas as such, the distribution of fertilizer by the company is a big problem because they really need fleet of vehicles to ply various delivery locations in good time.
A major problem facing the fertilizer company is the cost of transportation of raw-materials from their source of purchase. Especially in Nigeria which is facing a big problem of transportation and there is also delay between the ordering time and delivery time.
This at times lead to the closure of production for some month until materials can be delivered. Another problem is the channel of fertilizers distribution. This problem may be due to the logistic operation employed in the distribution of the product (Fertilizer) from the factory to the farmer.
The interest of the researcher was rekindled on the selected topic because of the consistent lack of fertilizer supply in some parts of the country-Nigeria. This has been a major problem in terms of procurement and distribution of the product mostly in the rural area where farming is their main occupation and also my experience as a filed (fertilizer Delivery officer) with Fertilizers and Chemical Ltd. Kaduna as a result of these, the researcher have opted to write on the topic choosing.
With the above opportunity and privilege, the researcher got an insight into some activities on the procurement and distribution of fertilizer product since there had been a continuous complains of lack of sufficient fertilizer to farmers especially those farmers from the northern part of Nigeria farming within this part of the country does not normally witness mush harvest because of lack of fertilizer due to the nature of the soil in this parts of the north, it has necessitated the researcher to write in these topic so as to assist farmers mostly from the northern part of Nigeria to be able to meet their demand on fertilizer products so that they can improve on their farming.
For being the main stay of a nation, as such fertilizer produced in Nigeria should be made sufficient to the farmers but for lack of proper channeling, it has become very necessary to note some of this reasons as to why this product does not get to the farmers at the appropriates time or not made available to the farmers. Among one of such reasons foe choosing this topic is to look into this distribution method used has been the major problem.
1.2Â Â Statement of the Problem
The beneficiary of the present fertilizer procurement and distribution in Nigeria is supposed to be the farmer. His role in the production of food for Nigeria’s population can not be over emphases, without the farmer, the nation’s food requirement would have been the great problem to be faced by government of this country.
The most important basic input that replenishes this farm for annual food production on which is total livelihood depends, is lacking due to obstacles faced in making fertilizer available to him (farmer) at the right time, right price, adequate quantity to meet his farming requirement.
Successive governments in Nigerian have not been able to procure adequate fertilizer to meet the requirement of Nigeria farmers. In some instance the combined efforts of local fertilizer produces and imported supplies have significantly been able to make the product available at reasonable quantity.
Thus was however, a short term measure because the 1997 fertilizer non-import policy had left a vacuum that remain difficult to be covered by the local producers with the consequent back log in fertilizer supply in relation to increase demand.
One other problem identified is in the area of distribution of fertilizer product. The lack of facilities by the government to move the product (fertilizer) made it necessary that a contract is usually entered into with local transporters to convey the product from the production site to state and local governments.
In spite of transport coat there had been reported cases of diversion of fertilizer products in transit to its destination. For instance, there was allocation of 110 trailers of NPK fertilizer that left Kaduna to Kano, only 74 trailer move actually received in the state.
In Sokoto State, about 80 farmers in Wurno LOCAL Government Area were reported to have been allocated only 50 bags of NPK fertilizer to share in 2006 farming reasons.
The situation in Adamawa State was very pathetic, the distribution officer of the State (ADP) Agricultural Development Programme reported that our of about sixty (60) trailer of assorted fertilizer expected from the federal government only 35 trailers were eventually delivered to the state.
This study attempts to analyze the problem and prospect of fertilizer procurement and distribution with special emphasis on fertilizer and chemical ltd, Kaduna plant. It is hoped that the findings of the study would provide better strategy for solving the problem of fertilizer to grassroot farmers in Nigeria.
1.3Â Â Objectives of the Study
This study is aimed at realizing the following objectives:
1. The effective and efficient distribution of Agricultural input with emphasis on fertilizers product to the Nigeria farms at the local level.
2. Eliminating those obstacles faced by government in making fertilizers and other inputs available to Nigeria farmers at the right time, right price and adequate quantity to meet their farming requirement.
3. To highlight the important of application of principle of physical distribution (marketing logistics) in the distribution of Agricultural inputs.
1.4Â Â Statement of Hypotheses
To decide about the outcome of this study, alternative hypothesis (H1) and null hypothesis (H0) were developed subject to acceptance or rejection.
The hypotheses of this study are as follows:
H1:Â Â Physical Distribution effort has great impact on the marketing of fertilizers
H0:Â Â Physical distribution efforts have no impact on the marketing of fertilizers.
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