Download complete project material on Analysis On Level Of Unemployment In Nigeria from chapter one to five
ABSTRACT
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This project work focuses on the analysis of unemployed persons in Nigeria. Therefore, the information given by National Bureau of statistics (NBS) and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) on unemployment by educational level, age-group and sex is subjected under statistical approach using different tools (parametric and non-parametric test) e.g. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis H test, Wilcoxon Rank test and student T test.
The purpose of this research work is to find out the most significant in educational level and age-group in terms of unemployed persons, to test if the mean of male and female unemployed person are equal and to investigate if unemployment depend on location. Based on the analysis, it is revealed that secondary school leavers and those between the age of 18-24 and 25-44 contributed most to the unemployed persons in the country, also the mean of male and female unemployed persons are not equal. The out come of this research work is useful to the policy makers in the country, the government at all levels for future planning and to the student from various institutions in the country as a guide either in seminar/project write up.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Declaration
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE:
Introduction 1
1.1 Historical Background of Nigeria
1.2 Statement of research problem
1.3 Specification aims and objectives
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Hypothesis
1.6 Significance of the study
1.7 Scope of the study
1.8 Limitation of Terms
1.9 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Research Design
3.1 Method of data collection
3.2 Method of data collection used in the project
3.3 Sources of data collection
3.4 Sources of data collection used in this project
3.5 Problems encountered in data collection for the project
3.6 Method of data analysis (statistical tools)
3.6.1 Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
3.6.2 The Kruskal-Wallis H Test
3.6.3 The Wilcoxon signed-Rank Test
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Data Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
References
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Many people face unemployment at some point in their lives. For the jobless worker it is a very personal issue for the government, it is a national economic issue.
Economics measure the health of the economy by tracking the number of people who are out of work. The government pays close attention to these statistics so that it can take actions that will spur economic recovering.
General economic conditions, lengthy job searches and seasonal production schedules are some of the factors that cause unemployment. It is necessary to state that when a country is developed, the rate of dependency ratio is checked and its citizen is gainfully employed. It is discovered that unemployment is reduced to its manageable level in developed countries.
There seems to be a consensus on the definition of unemployment, according to Oxford Advanced Learners dictionary, unemployment is defined as a very pathetic situation. A situation where one is able and willing to work and is not employed.
Financial Problems Facing Small Scale Industries
The Need For Quality Control In A Manufacturing Organization
The International Labour Organization (ILO) defines unemployed as numbers of the economically active population who are without work but available for and seeking for one, including people who have lost their jobs and those who have voluntary left work (World Bank, 1998; 63). Although there seems to be convergence on this concept, its applications have been deviled with series of problem across countries.
First, most published unemployment rates are recorded open employment, people’s attitude on this varies from country to country, while on the other hand may be high in developed countries where government is committed to resolving unemployment problems, it is likely to be very low in countries with opposite attributes.
It is obvious that Nigerian unemployment staffed way back in the 60’s though during those era it was essentially united to primary and post primary school learners, before the 70’s unemployment was not wide spread across the country.
This could be as a result of the fact that agriculture was very much in active which served as job opportunity for more than 65% of the Nigeria economy. All attempts to address this problem has not yield any meaningful result, various economic policy aimed at reducing these effect were taken. However, the research work main focus is on the unemployment rate in the country at large (urban and rural) by level of education, age and sex.
1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF NIGERIA
Before the colonial period, the area which comprises modern Nigeria had an eventful history. More than 2000 years ago, the Nok culture of present Plateau state worked iron and produced sophisticated terra cotta sculpture.
In Northern cities of Kano and Katsina recorded history dates back to about 1000 AD. In the centuries that followed, these Hausa kingdom and the Borno Empire near Lake Chad prospered as important terminals of North-South trade between North African Barbers and lowest people who exchanged slaves, ivory and kola nuts for salt, glass beads, coral, cloth, weapons, brass rods, and cowry shells used as currency.
In the South-West, the Yoruba Kingdom of Oyo state was founded about 1,400 and at its height from the 17th to 19th centuries attained a high level of political organization and extended as far as modern Togo.
In the South Central part of present day Nigeria, as early as the 15th AD 16th centuries, the Kingdom of Benin had developed an efficient army; an elaborate ceremony court; an artisans whose works in ivory, wood, bronze and brass are prized.
Following the Napoleonic wars, the British expanded trend with the Nigerian interior. Government moved to consolidate its hold over the area of modern Nigeria, in 1914 the area was formally united as the “colony and protectorate of Nigeria”. Administratively, Nigeria remained divided into Northern and Southern provinces and Lagos colony.
Western education and the development of a modern economy proceeded more rapidly in the south than in the north with consequences felt in Nigeria political life ever since. Nigeria was granted independent in October 1960, as a federation of three regions (northern, southern and eastern) under a constitution that provide for a parliamentary form of government. Currently Nigeria is divided into 36 states and one Federal Capital Territory (Abuja).
Before and after independent 1960 Nigeria was a federation with regions but in 1967 these regions were placed by 12 states in 1976 seven new states were created, making 19 altogether, the federal capital (Abuja) was establish also, in 1987 two new states were established followed by another ten (10) in 1991, bringing the total to 31.
The last change in 1996, resulted in the present number of 36 states, all geared to tackle unemployment rate, but all the effort prove abortive. Currently, however, oil is the main source of the nation economy it is considered from 1970 – 2005. Due to the high revenue generated from petroleum product government policy makers began to actively pursue the objective of rapid industrial growth.
Having looked at unemployment in the 60’s to 70’s which was attributed to primary and post primary leavers, today it is disheartening to note that unemployment is no more an isolated incident it now encompasses graduates from country tertiary institutions of learning.
The subjectivity that the socio-economic motivation which spares people to educational attainment has now diminished. It became acute particularly in the early 70’s. During that era the emergency of an expanding decline in agricultural sector set blazed the unemployment. Investment started increasing in favour of the oil and manufacturing industries.
This development tends to move the work force to the petroleum and manufacturing sectors for it is the centre of attraction and hence people began to seek higher paying job in these industries. Petroleum has shown a strong evidence of a leading role in the nation’s economy it accounts for roughly 92% of the countries export between (1996 – 2005), it also contributes less than 90%.
The eyesore to the problem is the fact that the petroleum sector could not provide jobs for the teaming population inspite of its attractiveness. This is factual due to large automation requirements of industry production technologies.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Nigeria as a developing country is surrounded with problems of which the greatest of all is that of all is that of unemployment. The problem of unemployment in the country has increased over the years as conventionally defined by some economists, and this leads to loss of potential output, waste/resources and cause social problems.
Commenting on this on the 4th of June, 2010, the Finance Minister, Olusegun Aganga remarked that unemployment in Nigeria is running at around 19.7 percent on average, buts almost half of 15 – 25 years old, living in urban areas are jobless. Similarly, the Division of International Labour comparison, Eurostat, Compares the unemployment rate in Ghana and Cameroon as being 3.6 percent and 4.4 percent, respectively.
Different people have different opinion as regards the factors responsible for the problem and some of the factors are listed below:
1. Inadequate educational curricula and poor educational planning.
2. Different wage-structures and greater attractiveness of urban centre,
3. Low level of education in Nigeria
4. Frequent social vices such as political crises, armed robbery, etc.
5. National disaster, such as flood, fire out break, plane crash etc.
6. Level of technology, lack of technical training.
7. Poor government policy, lack of competent leader/mismanagement of resources.
The above listed factors conspired with domestic unemployment to hinder foreign investor into the country and it encourages unemployment conditions. It is important to find out the impact of unemployment as regards the sex, age and educational level despite the above mention factors and probably it effects on the economy of the country. This research work is aim at finding a lasting solution to the problem of unemployment or how it can be reduced to its bearest minimum.
1.3 GENERAL OBJECTIVES
The essence of this research work is to evaluate the various factors considered to be responsible for the unemployment in the country for the period under investigation.
1.4 SPECIFICATION AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
i. To determine the significant difference in educational level in terms of unemployment as it relates to low level of education in Nigeria.
ii. To investigate the educational level that is significant as regards the unemployed persons in Nigeria.
iii. To determine the significant differences in age-group in terms of unemployment.
iv. To investigate the age-group that is significant as regard the unemployed persons in the country.
v. To determine if the mean of male and female unemployed persons are equal, which will further enhance proper, educational planning in the country.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
i. What is the significant difference in educational level in terms of unemployment as it relates to low level of education in Nigeria?
ii. Which educational level that is most significant as regards the unemployed persons in Nigeria?
iii. What is the significant difference in age-group in terms of unemployment?
iv. Which age-group that is most significant as regard the unemployed persons in the country?
v. What is the significant difference as regards to male and female unemployed persons in the country?
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