Download complete project material on Operation Of Cleaning Services As A Means Of Self Employment In Nigeria from chapter one to five
CHAPTER ONE
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1.0 Introduction
Background of the Study
It is a well- known fact that for every economy to thrive much emphasis needs to be placed an the establishment on the establishment of self employment and funding of the already existing ones. Aside, its Importance to the economy, it is a sound way of reducing unemployment in Nigeria.
According to Carrel and Mosakowski (2007) they defined “self employment as the simplest form of business organization, comprising in it’s most basic form, a one person firm without an employer or employees’’, generally self employment is both a distinct legal contract and a separate employment category under tax law.
Thus, self employed people have to declare their income to the tax authorities themselves and a required to file their taxes an separate tax forms from employees. In law, self employed are governed by the notion of a contract for service rather than contract of service.
According to the data from U.S Bureau of economics analysis (2014) defined ‘‘self employment as a situation in which individual work for himself or herself instead of working for an employer that pay a salary or a wage’’.
A self employed individual earn their income through conducting profitable operations from a trade or business that they operate directly’’. Self employment is frequently regarded as a form of entrepreneurship. All entrepreneurs are self employed although perhaps not all self employed are entrepreneurs.
According to European commission (2015) defines ‘‘self employment as a business or work of an individual or someone pursing a gainful activity for their own work rather than being provided with work by an employer’’.
Being self employed is a different situation than simply being a business owner, a business owner is someone who owns a company but does not work with the to day operation of the company. A person who is self employed own his or her business, of which he is also the primary or sole operator. Furthermore, there are often different taxation – related implication for being self employed versus being a normal employee.
According to W. Joe (2005) he defines ‘‘self employment as a business which a person can operate as a sole trader or as a partner in a partnership (including limited liability partnership) but not through an incorporated limited (or unlimited) liability company. It is also possible for someone to form a business that is run only part- time or concurrently while holding down a full time job.
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According to European union (2007) defined “self employment as the act of generating one’s in come directly from customers through working, clients or other organizations as opposed to being an employee of a business (or a person).
Generally tax authorities will view a person as self employed if the person chooses to be recognized as such, or is generating income such that the person is required to file a tax return under legislation on the relevant jurisdiction. In the real world the critical issue for the taxing authorities is not that the person is trading but is whether the person is profitable and hence potentially taxable.
According to jerkins (2005), he defines “self employment as a business that is owned, managed and finance by one person which is also called one man business”. Although the common perception of self employment is concentrated in a few service sector, industries, like sales people and has shown that self employment occurs across a wide segment in the U.S economy, furthermore industries are not commonly associated as natural fit for self employment, such as manufacturing, have in fact been shown to have a large proportion of self – employed individuals and home – based businesses.
According to Aryeetey (2006) defines “self employment as a business in which individuals earn their live hood directly from one’s own trade or business rather than as an employee of another”.
Statement of The Research Problem
The importance of personal cleanliness cannot be over emphasized. The questions of personal clean lines or personal hygiene raises the need for operating cleaning service as a means of self employment. Cleaning services are profit oriented business, and based on the researchers experience there is problem of operating cleaning service as a means of self employment, hence the researcher intend to highlight ways of solving the problem into the look of operating cleaning service as a means of self employment .
Objective of the Study
The objective of the this research work is to:
1. To examine the different types of cleaning service and method of operation.
2. Types of cleaning services equipment, their advantages and disadvantages
3. To look into the operation of cleaning service as a means of maximizing profit
4. To highlight on the need for professional and skillful of man power in the operation of cleaning services.
Significance of the Study
This research will bring to light the operation of cleaning services as a means of self employment. The study will therefore be a great benefit to catering establishment because it will provide many information on operating cleaning services in the establishment. Investors who intend to invest in operating cleaning service as a means of self employment.
To student intend to carryout the business of similar operation in the future and also to provide good services to guest through the use of modern cleaning equipment and highly qualified staff. The most salient benefit that cleaning services can offers is the facility of pick up and drop service. The benefit improve services and good quality, it improve high turn over to customer or patronage which gives good reputation of the establishment.
Scope of the Study
To examine the services rendered by cleaning services section of Assa pyramid Hotel Kaduna and Atmosphere cleaners No. 2b College Road Unguwan Dosa Kaduna, and Kaduna Polytechnic Cleaners. To investigate into the running of cleaning service section and also find out how available the cleaning service business is therefore in Assa pyramid Hotel Kaduna and Atmosphere cleaners, Kaduna Polytechnic Cleaners is used as case study. Questionnaires were distributed to staff, cleaners and respondents.
Research Questions
The question of this research work are :
1. What are the different types of cleaning services and method of operation?
2. To know the types of cleaning services equipment, their advantage and disadvantages.
3. How can operating cleaning services helps in maximizing profit?
4. Why are professional and skillful man power needed in the operation of cleaning services?
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