This is a complete project materials on Injection Safety And It’s Implications To The Community from chapter one to five with references and abstract.
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ABSTRACT
Injection safety is one of the interesting topics to discuss especially in health care institution. It is interesting in the sense that almost every health care professionals cannot do without administration of injection as part of their daily work. Injection safety or safe injection practice is talking on how careful a health care providers especially nurses, doctors, laboratory scientist to practice free or low risk injection to client, care provider and the community.
INTRODUCTION
Injection safety is one of the commonest contemporary issue in relation to patient care and management in our day today activities in all health care institution.
Injection safety or safety injection practice is the safety manner of administration of pharmacological substance with lower risk or hazard to the client, care provider and the community at large. Before I go further let me split the topic and defined the terms for easy understanding.
Definitions
At this point we have the following word to define
- Injection
- Safety
- Implication
- Community
- Health
- Injection Safety
Injection: medically speaking, injection means the introduction of pharmacological substance in to the body (mostly liquid) for the purpose of diagnostic, prevention, or curative purpose.
Safety: this simply means mechanism or measure taken to prevent bad events such as accident, harmful practice from happening.
Safety: safety means prevention of any disaster from occurrence.
Implication: this means an inference which may fairly understand, though not in words.
Implication: literally means a predictable situation.
Community: This is defined as the group of people living in a geographical area sharing common needs, culture, sanction and aspiration.
Community: it could also means a condition of having certain attitude and interest in common.
Health: This simply means ability to maintain fit in the society.
Health: this could also mean the ability to perform optimal level of functioning in the society.
Health: the World Health Organisation defined it as a complete state of physical, mental, and social wellbeing of an individual and not merely the absence a disease or infirmity.
Injection safety: is also defined as measure taken to perform free or low risk injection to the patient (menosata department of Health. www.mn.vs/divs…./index hth).
Injection safety: this an acts of introducing pharmacological substances into the body for the purpose of stimulating, relieving, killing, preventing, diagnosing etc. with no or minimal hazard to the client, care provider and community at large (American Center for Disease Control CDC)
Injection safety: this also means a practice or condition dedicated to reduce the risk of spread of infection to the client, care provider (Nurse) and the community at large.
OBJECTIVE
- To define the concept.
- To determine the readiness of the government toward providing enough facilities.
- To educate and enlighten health care provider (Nurse) on how to practice injection safety.
- To serve as a basis to reduce the risk of complication unsafe injection practice.
- To enlighten the community about their right andprivileges toward the practice of injection safety.
COMMONEST TYPES OF INJECTION PRACTICE IN OUR HEALTH CARE INSTITUTIONS
- Intramuscular injection
- Intravenous injection
- Intradermal injection
- Intracardiac injection
- Intrathecal injection
- Subcutaneous injection
PROCEDURE:
Note: all injections and sterile procedure and all injection are mostly use syringe and needle
- Intramuscular: in this procedure, it is the introduction of pharmacological substance in muscles. It is introduce at angle 90o.
Muscles of injection: there are basically two (2) sites used for intramuscular injection.
- Deltoid muscle
- Gluteal muscle (Gluteal Maximus)
- Intravenous injection: this is an introduction of pharmacological substance into the vein. In this case the nature of the vein and the position of the client determine how to administer the injection.
- Intradermal injection: this is simply means administration of injection into the dermal layer of the skin. The injection is usually done at 450 but it can be adjusted based on the need.
- Intracardiac injection: this is mostly done in emergency situation and it is administrated by a qualified and specialist cardiologist in order to stimulate or reduce cardiac activities.
- Intrathecal injection: this also one of the specialist administered by qualified and expert personnel (Neurologist) direct to the scalp (skull) in order to augment the neural activities.
- Subcutaneous injection: this is the introduction of drugs (usually of small quantity) just beneath the skin.
Injection safety is a global initiative that is advocating free risk injection or lower risk injection practice.
In 2010 the global initiative for injection free society in conjunction with United State Agency for international development (USAID) make research across the world on an increase spread of infection due to unsafe injection practice and also there was increase in complication due to injection.
As a result of this they came up with initiatives called
Injection Free Societyand low risk injection practice.
These two (2) organisations started visiting hospitals and given seminars and workshops for the purpose of sensitizing the health workers (Nurses in particular) about the risk associated to the unsafe infection practice and also the attitude of unnecessary injection prescription so that nurses will be informed on this issue.
According to the world health organisation, (W.H.O) each dayabout 16billion injection are given worldwide. Reused equipment became a continued challenge particularly in developing countries. The world health organisation safe injection global network (S.I.G.N) came up with initiatives to address this problem. Promoting rational and safe use injection.
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