Download complete project materials on The Implementation Of Fadama III Project In Nigeria
CHAPTER ONE
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INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Agriculture as the main stay of Nigerian economy has contributed immensely to GDP and a source of food nutrition for Nigeria households (World Bank, 1996). It is a key sector that affects majority of Nigerians as over 60% of the population are involved in farming (Aturamu and Daramola, 2005).
An essential feature of agricultural production scene in Nigeria is that small farm with land holdings of less than 2.0 hectares per farmer collectively produce over ninety percent of the total agricultural production in the country (Aturamu and Daramola, 2005). Also, majority of these farmers still produce at subsistence level using old management practices that are not economically viable with an overall effect of low productivity and technically inefficient production process (Ogunsurni, 2005).
In Nigeria, the problem of attaining food sufficiency and poverty reduction among the rural dwellers that are the bed rock of agricultural production may be due to poor implementation of most programs geared towards improving the agricultural sector in the past. However, of recent the National Fadarna Development Project (NFDP) is a major instrument for achieving the government’s poverty reduction objective in the rural areas of Nigeria (FDP, 2003).
The word “Fadama” is a local Hausa word for low-lying flood plains usually with easily accessible shallow groundwater (FDP 2003). The use of Fadama resources will ensure all year round farming of some staple food and vegetables. The National Fadama Development project was structured into developmental stages for efficiency in implementation strategy. The first stage of the program was called Fadama I project which according to ARDD (2003) appraisal report recorded a huge success as more than 300 percent of the farmers in some participating states in the country increased their production capacity.
Nevertheless, the full realization of the project benefits was hampered by certain shortcomings in project design and implementation. Other problems identified during Fadama I are lack of involvement of project clients in project planning, limitation of the project to crop production ignoring downstream value addition activities of marketing and processing, and ignoring other Fadama resource users which led to a lot of conflict among Fadama resource users. In order to resolve some of the shortcomings of Fadama I project, the second stage of the project called Second National Fadama (Fadama II) was introduced in twelve states of Nigeria.
Fadama III project was a comprehensive six-year (2007-2011) action programme development by Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) in close collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Environment (FME) and other Federal and State government ministries, local government and key stakeholders (donor, private operators and NGOs).
The objectives of Fadama III project in Nigeria is to sustainably increase the incomes and productivity of Fadama users, those who depend directly on Fadama resources ‘(farmers, pastoralists, fishers, hunters, gatherers and service providers) through empowering communities to take charge of their own development agenda, and by reducing conflict between Fadama users. The project has the following components:
To build the capacity of Fadama users and other key stakeholders;
To address the technical, social and location-specific activities to improve the management of critical watersheds that ensure Fadama productivity and sustainability in a few (pilot) areas with high potential for up scaling reliability;
Supports a range of advisory services, training, services, information sharing, awareness programs, and adoption of land use practices that will enable Fadama users to adopt productivity enhancing techniques and more profitable marketing, and at the same time ensure the sustainability of Fadama resource base;
Focus on project management mechanism, including monitoring and evaluation plans to implement Fadama III.
Therefore, this research was carried out in the study area to ascertain the level of productivity and technical efficiency of Fadama III project beneficiary farmers compared with those of non-beneficiary farmers.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Poverty is a direct manifestation of inequality resulting from exploitation and unequal distribution of wealth amongst people and within the entire geographical location. Over time and space, there has been intense exploitation with increased inequality in income and resource distribution between urban and rural areas.
All these have, of course, continued to promote socio-economic and political tension, crises and other issues like ethnic and religious conflicts and protests that the government has not been able to effectively manage or resolve (Oyovbaire, 2008). Poverty is not a new phenomenon. It has persisted over a long period at different historical conjunctures or epochs and thus manifested in different forms and magnitude.
Characterization And Identification Of Soil Microorganisms
The nature of poverty may be in food shortages, caused probably by infertile land or soil leading to low productivity or by natural disasters like drought, pests, diseases and other forms of ecological crises Weitz, 1973. Mortimore, 1989, However, poverty may also be due to shortages in labour force due largely to state policies, which provoke rural-urban migrations.
Furthermore, there is a plethora of other constraints or issues bordering on poverty which may largely be due to some technical setbacks in the society which may largely be due to some technical setbacks in the society ranging from input scarcity or the nature of farming patterns and management sequel to ageing population where the .younger segment pays less attention or gives low status to farming. State agricultural policies and strategies constitute the fundamental causal factors in this development (Martinussen, 1997).
Kauru Local Government was one of the Local Government that benefited from Fadama III programme. And as such what one find in the rural area where this programme was implemented are increase in poverty, unemployment and food insecurity, economic stagnation and low income of farmers. And of course these elements constitute the brain behind the establishment of the programme (FADAMA).
This is evidenced in the low level commitment demonstrated by the Local Government towards the implementation of Fadama III programme. In view of the above, the study was broadly designed to examine the impact of Fadama 111 on the socio-economic status of the farmers and specifically to assess the extent to which participation in the programme has enhanced the level of production efficiency of farmers in the study area and identify the problems associated with the National Fadama Development Programme III in the study area.
1.3 Objective of The Study
The main objective of this project research is to analyse how Kauru Local Government of Kaduna State implement its Fadama III project for the benefit of the rural populace.
The following are some of the Objective of these project research:-
The objectives of Fadama III project is to boost the morale of Local farmers, in irrigation farming thereby increase the income and productivity of Fadama users.
To examine and asses, how the implementation of Fadama III project increase the standard of living of the rural populace.
To assist the government in it’s effort in attaining food sufficiency.
To identify and discuss the key problems that may hinder the efforts of Fadama III program in realizing its objective in Kauru Local Government.
To identify and discuss the level of participation in the programme by the host communities in the area.
1.4 Research Questions
The following are the research questions stated for this study:
What are the problems facing the implementation of Fadama III programme in Kauru Local Government?
Is there any level of success recorded by Fadama III programme in the rural area?
What are the attitudes of rural farmers towards the programme?
Has the implementation of Fadama III in any way increases the standard of living and the income of rural farmers?
1.5 Aim and Objectives of the Study
General aim of the study:
The general aim of the study is to examine the implementation of the Fadama III project in Kauru Local Government and its impact on the income of the farmers.
Specific objectives:
The objectives of the study are as follows:
To identify and discuss the, key problems that may hinder the efforts of Fadama III program at realizing its objective in Kauru Local Government.
To identify and discuss the level of participation in the programme by the host communities Area.
To identify and discuss the specific strategies adopted by Fadama III programme in achieving their aims and objectives in the host communities.
1.6 Scope and Limitations of the Study
This programme is targeted at alleviating rural poverty through agriculture, which is the dominant economic activity in the rural communities in Nigeria and Kauru Local Government in particular. It aims at increasing the income of farmers, fishers and other people therein as Fadama users. The study however concentrated its attention within the 2006 to 20011 period, because this was the period by which the Nigeria government launched the second National Fadama Development project.
This study is constraints with some problems like the shortage of fund, and most fundamentally is the fact that the concerned people of the host communities does not have the necessary education to respond to questions structured in the questionnaire; this is of course curtail through the administration of questionnaire and personal interview.
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