Common Findings in Liver and Kidneys of Patients Undergoing Ultrasound Examination in Nigeria

Download complete project material on Common Findings in Liver and Kidneys of Patients Undergoing Ultrasound Examination in Nigeria from chapter one to five with references and abstract

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

CERTIFICATION

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 CHAPTER ONE

1.1Introduction

1.2   Statement of problem

1.3   Objective of study

1.4   Significance of study

1.5  Scope of study

1.6  Literature review  

CHAPTER TWO:

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

2.1   Brief Anatomy of the liver

2.2Sonographic Presentation of the liver

2.3Liver pathologi

2.4Brief anatomy of the kidney

2.5Sonographic presentation of the kidney

2.6Normal variants

2.7Kidney pathologies

 CHAPTER THREE

3.1    Research design-

3.2   Sample population and sampling procedure

3.2   Source of Data

3.3   Method of Data collection 

CHAPTER FOUR

Data analysis and Presentation 

CHAPTER FIVE

4.1   Discussion of findings

4.2   Summary of findings

4.3   Limitations of study

4.3   Recommendations

4.4   Areas of further studies

4.5   Conclusion

REFERENCES

APPENDIX 

CHAPTER ONE

1.1   BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The kidney and liver are organs situated in the abdominal region of the body. The liver located in the right hypochondria, the epigastrium and some part of the left hypochondria while the kidneys lie on the upper part of the posterior abdominal wall¹.

Ultrasound is often the first line of investigation for suspected liver or kidney pathology and the decision to proceed to secondary investigative procedures such as further radiological or histological are frequently determined by the findings of the initial ultrasound scan. Ultrasound is used the diagnosis, staging and monitoring of liver disorders and also contributes to the treatment with ultrasound- guided invasive procedures.

Increasingly, ultrasound is also a reliable tool for more focused, complex examinations. Advancement in technology and techniques now resulting to improved diagnostic accuracy and are increasingly obviating the need for further radiology².

. The common findings in the liver are many and include benign focal liver lesions, simple cyst, complex cysts, poly cystic liver, Hydatid cyst, Abscesses, hematoma, haemangioma, Adenoma etc.^3.The dilemma in liver diseases is that some of them are terminal diseases like hepatic metastases, alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The common findings in the kidney include hydronephrosis, nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, polycystic kidneydisease, and pyelonephritis. etc⁴.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

• It has been observed that common sonographic findings in liver and kidneys of patients undergoing ultrasound investigations have not been documented in this locality.
• The correlation of ultrasound detectable liver or kidney diseases is yet to be documented in our locality.

1.3 PURPOSE OF STUDY

• To evaluate and document the common findings in kidneys and liver of patients undergoing ultrasound investigations in Asaba urban.
• To correlate certain ultrasound detectable liver or kidney diseases of patients with age.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

• The research will help policy makers in the health sector to plan on strategies that will help combat certain liver and kidney diseases.
• It will provide statistical data to health practitioners whichwill enable them advise their patients on certain harmful habit that will hurt their liver and kidneys.
• It will provide a research work onAsaba urban pertaining to common ultrasound findings in liver and kidneys and their correlation with various age groups.

1.5  SCOPE OF STUDY

This research will cover Federal medicalcenter inAsaba urban.

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