You can download complete project materials on Assessment Of Radiation Protection Measures In Radiology Departments Of Hospitals In in Nigeria from chapter one to five.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Title page
Approval page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgment
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Statement of Problems
1.2 Objectives of Study
1.3 Significance of Study
1.4 Scope of Study
1.5 Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Literature Review
2.2 Theoretical Background
2.3 Types of Radiation
2.4 Radiation Dose
2.4.1 Measurement of Radiation
2.5 Biological Effects of Radiation
2.5.1 Stochastic Effects
2.5.2 Non-Stochastic Effects
2.6 X-Ray Interaction with the Cell
2.7 Basic Principles of Radiation Protection
2.7.1 Time
2.7.2 Distance
2.7.3 Shielding
2.8 Radiation Protection Practices
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research Methodology
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Target Population
3.3 Sample Size
3.4 Data Collection Instrument
3.5 Method of Data Collection
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS
4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Discussion
5.2 Summary of Findings
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Conclusion
5.5 Limitations of Study                               Â
5.6 Area of further Study                               Â
References
Appendix
ABSTRACT
This research was carried out to assess the radiation protection measures in Radiology Departments of Hospitals in Kogi State. The study was carried out to ascertain the radiation protection measures adopted in Kogi State as it has never been done before by any researcher.
The research method used is the survey mode carried out through questionnaire. It was a prospective study that covered five (5) hospitals and they include:
Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Lokoja, Kogi State Specialist Hospital (KSSH) Lokoja, Kogi State Diagnostic Hospital (KSDH) Anyigba, Grimard Hospital (GH) Anyigba and Maria Goretti Hospital (MGH) Anyigba, all in Kogi State. A convenient sampling size was used for this research.
The indices used were provision of radiation protection devices and personnel monitoring devices, room design, repeat cases, quality assurance (QA) test.
Data was presented and analyzed with frequency and percentage tables. The result of this research showed that radiation protection is poor and there is urgent need to address it and improve on the standard of practice.
Only KSSH Lokoja was provided with gonad shield, thus the only hospital to have all the radiation protection devices. It is evident from the research that most of the diagnostic rooms (66.67%) were modified and not custom made.
Only 55% Radiographers (in FMC Lokoja) were provided with personnel monitoring device.
By and large, FMC and KSSH show better radiation protection practices than KSDH, GH and MGH.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION.
The discovery of x-rays on November 8 by Professor W. C. Roentgen, a German physicist, gave rise to radiation medicine. Immediately after the discovery, ionizing radiation became a very useful tool in diagnostic medicine.
Electromagnetic (EM) radiation includes visible light, radio waves, microwaves, cosmic radiation and several other varieties of rays. X-rays are of short wavelength, and high frequency EM radiation. High frequency means, high energy and operate at energy level of ionizing radiation.1
Ionizing radiation is widely used in medicine and industries, and it presents a significant health hazard. The hazards of X-rays were reported few months after its discovery and it was later confirmed that X-rays have deleterious biological effects.
It also causes microscopic damage to living tissues, resulting in skin burn and radiation sickness at high exposures and statistically elevated risk of cancer at low exposures. Examples of these effects are; dermatitis, alopecia, chronic ulceration, genetic effects.
When patients undergo x-ray examinations, millions of photons pass through their bodies. These can damage any molecule by ionization, but damage to the DNA in the chromosome is of particular importance.2
The realization of these harmful effects has given rise to radiation protection practices. Radiation protection sometimes known as radiological protection is the protection of people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation and high energy electromagnetic radiation.
Radiation protection aims at the protection of individuals, their descendants and the human race in the environment against the potential risk of ionizing radiation.3
The harmful effects of ionizing radiation can be reduced through the filtration of x-ray beam, collimation/field size trimming, biological shielding like the use of lead apron, gonad shield, wall lead-lining which has to do with the room design.
The basic principles of radiation protection in every radiological department are time, distance and shielding. Personnel radiation monitoring is also a good measure of radiation protection which helps in measuring the radiation received by radiation workers. This involves the use of film badges, ionization chamber and thermoluminiscent dosimeter (TLD).
In as much as there are hazardous effects, ionizing radiation is of tremendous importance as it plays a useful role in medical imaging. Medical imaging procedures, which are used to view different areas inside the human body, can provide physicians with important clinical information.
Imaging examinations can allow for non-invasive diagnosis of disease and monitoring of therapy, and can support medical and surgical treatment planning.4
Furthermore, this project is concentrated on the assessment of radiation protection in radiology department of hospitals in Kogi State.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
There seems to be insufficient radiation protection practices in  hospitals  in Kogi State.
There seems to be inadequate provision of radiation protection devices/personnel radiation monitoring devices in Kogi State.
The researcher observed that there is repeat exposures which exposes   patients to radiation dose.
There seems to be lack of quality assurance test on equipments in Kogi State Hospitals.
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
MAIN OBJECTIVE
To evaluate radiation protection practices in radiology departments of hospitals in Kogi State.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
To ascertain the availability of radiation protection devices in the departments.
To assess the availability of personnel monitoring devices in the departments
To assess the causes of repeat exposures
To assess Quality Assurance (QA) practice.
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
This study will help find out possible ways of improving the quality of radiation protection practices in Kogi State hospitals
To make radiation workers in Kogi State hospitals see the need to have personnel monitoring devices
To reduce or eliminate the causes of repeat examination for the safety of the patients and staff.
It will also encourage the management to put in place polices for quality assurance programme for Kogi State Hospitals.
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