Factors Encouraging Youth Involvement In Alcoholism In Nigeria

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

CHAPTER ONE

Background To The Study

Statement Of The Research Problem

1.2     Research questions

1.3     Objective of the study

1.4     Significance of the study

1.5     Scope and limitation of the study

1.6      Definition of term

CHAPTER TWO

Review of literature on factors encouragement youth involvement in Nigeria

2.1     Prevalence of alcoholism among youths in Nigeria

CHAPTER THREE

Reviewing of literature on relationship between alcoholism and youth involvement in crime

Effect of alcoholism on youth involvement in crime

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     summary

4.1     conclusion

4.2     Recommendation

References

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background To The Study

A greater number of the world population consumes one of the most widely used psychoactive drug on a daily bases (Baron & Roberts, 1996 ), with a continuous research being carried out  to determine its health benefit and consequences. Alcohol is a type of psychoactive drug that acts to depress the central nervous system. It’s high potential or psychological dependence can lead to irreversible tissue damage (Ramalingam, 1991 ).

There are varieties of drinks such as wine, beer; cider; mead and spirit etc; that contain a substance which can make one drunk. In some parts of Nigeria, alcohol are commonly used to entertain guest, for settling disputes, and served as a kernel for religious rituals and a requirement for a marriage rites to be consummated (Odejide, 2006).

Others include, during burial or funeral, child dedication, thanksgiving, birthdays, political rallies, initiation ceremonies, festivals, meetings and other social gatherings.  In our communities and institution of higher learning, youth/student consume alcohol during matriculation, convocation and initiation ceremonies into clubs, Age group and societies.

The type of substances frequently and most commonly used and abused in Nigeria are alcohol, cigarettes, cannabis and kola nut (Eze, 2006, Nyamali,  Morankinyo & Lawal, 2010). The use of psychoactive substances such as alcohol plays a major role in youth involvement in violent crime (Nwankwo, 2010 ) Excessive use of alcohol (intoxication), being drinking has been associated with the development of neuro-psychiatric condition, physical injuries, unsafe sexual intercourse and use of other psychoactive drugs (Odejide, 2006 ).

The use and or abuse of alcohol no doubt affects the behavior of individual positively or negatively. It however depends on the brain chemistry of the individual involved

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Violence is any form of behavior that is intended to hurt other people physically. Violence may take the form of child abuse, pushing, throwing items, shaking, choking, suicide, murder, fighting in public places, biting, verbal abuse, hitting, rape, homicide, unruliness and notorious acts of sporting events, and this is a major concern to everyone.

Alcohol abuse and alcoholism causes a significant number of severe and sometimes fatal-health, social and economic problems in Nigeria.  Alcohol and violence among youth can be very detrimental to both the victim and the abuser. The major victims of physical violence brought about by alcohol abuse or addiction include, girl friends, children, husband or wife, and parents among others. Anyone may be the victim of physical abuse as a result of alcohol consumption. Often, those closest to the abuser are frequently the victims.

Harmful alcohol use seems to present fundamental health issues which affect physical, social, and psychological well-being and thus forms a major health dimension in the determination of behavior, violence behavior inclusive (Adelekan & Adeniran,1991; Ikuesan;1994;USAID report, 2005).

There is evidence (Eze & Omeje, 1999) that harmful use of alcohol contributes to the incidence of violent crime in the society. This could be attributed to the fact that alcohol is freely sold at various nooks and crannies in our society.

For someone who is constantly stressed out and manipulative, excessive alcohol consumption may inhibit their judgment. This encourages them to act in violence, despite what their normal reaction may have been.

Also, youth who express physical violence while under the influence of alcohol tend to cause more harm to their victims and most times become sober after the intoxication is over. Therefore, there is no gain saying the fact that youth involvement in alcohol consumption may increase their tendency to partake in violent behaviors, that there is an association between alcohol use and all forms of violence has been known for many years.

Understandably, the association between the two could produce potent new ways to reduce the frequency and their consequences. The relationship between alcohol abuse and violence offers an opportunity for targeted harm reduction measures in Nigerian societies.

Alcohol consumption can have adverse social and economic effects on the individual consumer, its immediate environment and society as a whole.  Indeed, individuals other than the drinker can be affected, for example, by traffic accidents or violence. It has an impact on society as a whole in terms of resources required for criminal justice, health care and other social institutions (WHO Global Status Report, 2004).

1.1     Statement Of The Research Problem  

Alcohol consumption is linked to many harmful consequences for the individual drinker, the drinkers immediate environment and society as a whole. Such social consequences as traffic accidents, workplace-related problems, family and domestic problems, and interpersonal violence have been receiving more public or research attention in recent years, indicating a growing interest in a broader concept of alcohol-related consequences .

On the other hand, social consequences affect individuals other than the drinker e.g. passengers involved in traffic casualties, or family members affected by failure to fulfill social role obligation, or incidences of violence in the family.

Ultimately, however, these events have an impact on society as a whole insofar as they affect economic productivity or require the attention and resources of the criminal justice or health care system, or of other social institutions .

Based on the realities, this essay examined the involvement of Nigerian youth in alcoholism and their participation in crime.

1.2   Research Questions  

1. What are the factors encouraging youth involvement in alcoholism in Nigeria.

2. What are the prevalence rate of youth involvement in alcoholism in Nigeria.

3. What is the relationship between youth involvement in alcoholism and crime in Nigeria.          

1.3     Objectives of the Study

1. To identify factors encouraging youth involvement in alcoholism in Nigeria.

2. To understand the prevalence of alcoholism among youth in Nigeria.

3. To establish the relationship between youth involvement in alcoholism and crime in Nigeria.

1.4     Significance of the Study 

The finding of the study are significant in many respects to the youth/student, psychologists, institutions, policy makers and general public. The study when completed will expose the youth/students to the dangers associated with the use of alcohol, its effects on their health, academic performance and how to live a responsible behavior devoid of violence.

The outcome of this study will assist the general public who associate with youth to understand and appreciate the need to join in the fight against alcohol and violence among the Nigerian youths.

1.5     Scope and Limitation of the Study 

The study focused on youths/students/adolescents perception on alcohol and crime, it Particularly examined the causes of alcohol consumption and the possible adverse consequences.

1.6     Definition Of Terms 

1. Youth: A clear understanding of the nature and dynamics of youth violence must be preceded by the need to define youth itself. The word youth has been defined variously by different scholars and organizations. According to Kenniston (1971:27), youth refers to a period between adolescence and adulthood in a post-modern era.

He emphasized that it is a new stage of life which millions of young people enter today. UNICEF (1972) sees those between the age of 15 and 25 years as youth. Nigerian National Youth Policy (2001:2) defines youth as comprising all young person’s between the ages 18 and 35 years who are citizens of the federal republic of Nigeria.

2. Alcohol: This refers to a drug which is in liquid form that changes the psychological, physical and emotional conditions of the user when ingested. This study looks at alcohol as any local or commercial, legal or illegal brew, NACADA (2004).

 It is also a colorless volatile flammable liquid which is the intoxicating constituent of wine, beer; spirits and other drinks and is also used as an industrial solvent and as fuel. It could be defined as a liquor that contains ethanol and has the potential to intoxicate drinkers, and it can be burned as fuel, whiskey; vodka; rum and gin are each an example of alcohol.

3. Crime: Crime is from a latin word crimen meaning accusation or fault. Therefore crime is a violation of the criminal law, which is subsequently followed by legal punishment. A crime is an act or omission, which attracts sanctions.

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