Download complete project materials on Assessment Of Nutritional And Health Status Of Under-Five Years Children In Nigeria, a case study of Chikun Local Government Area Of Kaduna State
ABSTRACT
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Child malnutrition remains one of the health challenges that African countries have to deal with to remain on course to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)This present study was conducted in Chikun LGA of Kaduna state to assess the nutrition and health status of under five years children in the study area. It was cross sectional and descriptive in design.
A semi structured questionnaire was interviewer’s administered to caregivers of 151 children under the age of 5 years to obtain information on the caregivers’ socio-economic data, child feeding practices, health and anthropometric measurements of the participating children. Indices were analyzed using IBM SPSS (version 20) software for descriptive and inferential statistic. Z-scores deviation was computed to determine children.
Findings showed 83.3% of the caregivers had post primary education, 79.8 had source of income and only 10,1% were above poverty line. 31.8% of the children were severely malnourished, 17.2% were moderately malnourished and 27.2% were mildly malnourished. The commonly observed diseases were diarrhea and measles. Energy and most nutrient consumptions were discovered to be better among children in urban areas. The need for regular monitoring of children nutrition status is important to keep track in the quest to achieving the SDGs.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Declaration
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Statement of the problem
1.2 General objective of study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0literature Review
2.1 Nutrition and Infant’s Health
2.2 Nutrition Status of Under-Five Children
2.3 Anthropometric Indices of Determining the Nutritional Status
2.4 Common Methods of Anthropometry
2.5 Dietary Assessment for Determining Nutritional Status
2.5.1 24 Hours Dietary Recall
2.5.2 Food Frequency Questionnaire
2.6 Socioeconomic Factors Associated With Nutrional
and Health Status of Children Under-Five Years
2.6.1 Maternal Education
2.6.2 Maternal Occupation
2.7 Underlying Factors Associated With The
Vulnerability of Malnutrition and Poor Health Status
2.7.1 Poverty
2.7.2 Lack of Access to Food
2.7.3 Disease And Infection
2.7.4 Incompletion of Immunization
2.7.5 Health And Sanitation Environment
2.7.6 Conflicts
2.7.7 Lack of Safe Drinking Water
2.8 Nutrition Needs of Children Under Five Years Old
2.8.1 Energy
2.8.2 Protein And Carbohydrate
2.8.3 Water
2.8.4 Essential Fatty Acid
2.8.5 Essential Micronutrients Needs Of Infants
2.8.5.1 Vitamin A
2.8.5.2 Vitamin C
2.8.5.3 Iron
2.8.5.4 Calcium
2.8.5.5 Zinc
2.9 Importance of Good Nutrition from Infancy
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 The Study Area and Methodology
3.1 Location
3.2 Population Growth and Distribution
3.3 Methodology
3.3.1 Research Design
3.3.2 Study Location
3.3.3 Sampling Procedures
3.3.4 Study Population and Subject
3.3.5 Sample Size
3.3.6 Sources of Data Collection Procedures
3.3.7 Data Entry and Analysis
3.3.8 Estimation of Calorific and Nutrient Intake
3.3.9 Assessment of Nutritional and Health Status
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result and discussion
4.1 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion
5.1 Recommendation
References
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
A child is precious to his parent, to his family, community and nation, and to the world at large. In fact a child is a citizen of the world and thus it becomes the responsibility of the population of the whole universe to look after the interests of the children all over.
Children under the age of five are regarded as the most vulnerable group in the society, hence, the need for them to be catered for (Satya, 1983; Bhanderi et al, 2006).
Adequate nutrition and good health are essential for effective growth and development of the child and by extension to achieve maximum potential.
Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food such as phytonutrients, anthocyanin, tannins, and etc. in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism. It includes food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism and excretion (NIH, JCDP, 1998-2014).
Nutritional and health status of under-five child is a matter of concern worldwide and malnutrition is one of the most important public health problems. Malnutrition is a serious medical condition marked by a deficiency of energy, essential proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals in a diet.
Over 10million children aged less than five years (Under five children) die annually from preventable and treatable illnesses and almost all these deaths occur in poor and developing countries, (Black and Morris, 2003). At least 20 million children suffer from severe acute malnutrition (SAM), and another 175 million are undernourished (UN children’s fund, 2009).
Malnutrition poses a grave risk to the health of these children and is hence, the most recognizable and perhaps most untoward consequence of poverty in children (Goel and Mishra, 2007; Bhanderi et al, 2006).
1.1 Statement of the Problem
The increasing rate of malnutrition is one of the most important public health problems. Globally, 162 million of under five years children were stunted in 2012 (WHO/UNICEF, 2013). More than 90% of the world’s Stunted children live in Africa and Asia, where respectively 36% and 56% of the children are affected. While Nigeria is believed to be home to 52.5million of such children (WHO/UNICEF, 2013).
Among Africa children under five years of age group, there is chronic malnutrition, which is not serious enough to cause them to suffer from kwashiorkor and marasmus, but results in affecting both their physical and mental capabilities and their state of immunity as children falls sick easily and cannot perform well in classroom setting.
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