You can now download complete project materials on Wireless Charging of Mobile Phones using Microwaves from chapter one to five with references and abstract.
CONTENTS:
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ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
TRANSMITTER DESIGN
RECEIVER DESIGN
SENSOR CIRCUITARY
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION.
REFERENCES
ABSTRACT :
With mobile phones becoming a basic part of life, the recharging of mobile phone batteries has always been a problem. The mobile phones vary in their talk time and battery standby according to their manufacturer and batteries.
All these phones irrespective of their manufacturer and batteries have to be put to recharge after the battery has drained out. The main objective of this work is to highlight the recharging of the mobile phones can be independent of their manufacturer and battery make. In this work, a new way has been made so as to make the recharging of the mobile phones is done automatically as you talk in your mobile phone! This is done by use of microwaves.
INTRODUCTION:
The microwave signal is transmitted from the transmitter along with the message signal using special kind of antennas called slotted wave guide antenna at a frequency is 2.45 GHz. There are minimal additions, which have to be made in the mobile handsets, which are the addition of a Sensor, a Rectenna and a Filter.
With the introduction of the sensor ,rectenna and the filter, making the structure of the setup be in the form of, Transmitter station(magnetron)-circulator waveguide-slotted waveguide antenna-rectenna-sensor-mobile phone i.e. the magnetron with a very power microwave oscillator having a permanent magnet in its
construction with an efficiency of 50-80% produce microwave radiation of radar application, the circulator waveguide then shields the equipment input from effects of conditions on its output side ,the slotted wave guide further acts as the antenna in receiving microwave radar ,the rectenna converts the microwave into DC
power and sensor detects the receiving of the message signal of the mobile phone so charging continues. Hence, the need for separate chargers for mobile phones is eliminated and makes charging universal. Thus the more you talk, the more is your mobile phone is charged! With this work the manufacturers would be able to remove the talk time and battery standby from their phone specifications.
THE MICROWAVE REGION
Microwave are radio waves with wavelength ranging from as long as one meter to as short as one millimeter or equivalently with frequencies between 300mhz (0.3GHZ) and 300 GHZ. The board definition includes both UHF and EHF and various sources use various boundaries. In all cases ,microwaves includes the entire SHF band (3-30GHZ or 10-1cm) at minimum with Rf engineering often putting the lower boundary at 1GHZ(30cm) and the upper at 100GHZ(3mm).
Aparratus and techniques may be described qualitatively as “microwave” when the frequency of the waves of signals are roughly the same as the dimension of the equipment ,so that the lumped-element circuit theory is inaccurate. As a consequence, practical microwave technique tends to move away from the discrete resistor ,capacitor and inductors used with lower frequency radio waves.
Instead, distributed circuit elements and transmission line theory are more useful methods for design and analysis. Open wire and coaxial transmission line give way to wave guides ,stripline and lumped element tuned circuits that are replaced by cavity resonators or resonant line.
Effects of reflection ,refraction ,scattering ,diffraction and atmospheric absorption usually associated with visible light are practical significance in the study of microwave propagation . The same electromagnetic theory apply at all frequencies.
Fig 1
Here we are going to use the S band of the Microwave Spectrum.
| Designation | Frequency range |
| L Band | 1 to 2 GHz |
| S Band | 2 to 4 GHz |
| C Band | 4 to 8 GHz |
| X Band | 8 to 12 GHz |
| Ku Band | 12 to 18 GHz |
| K Band | 18 to 26 GHz |
| Ka Band | 26 to 40 GHz |
| Q Band | 30 to 50 GHz |
| U Band | 40 to 60 GHz |
The frequency selection is another important aspect in transmission. Here we have selected the license free 2.45 GHz ISM band for our purpose. The Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) radio bands were originally reserved internationally for non-commercial use of RF electromagnetic fields for industrial, scientific and medical purposes. The ISM bands are defined by the ITU-T in S5.138 and S5.150 of the Radio Due to variations in national radio regulations. In recent years they have also been used for license-free error-tolerant communications applications such as wireless LANs and Bluetooth:
900 MHz band (33.3 cm) (also GSM communication in India)
2.45 GHz band (12.2 cm)
IEEE 802.11b wireless Ethernet also operates on the 2.45 GHz band.
TRANSMITTER DESIGN
MAGNETRON:
- Magnetron is a high power microwave oscillator and it is used in microwave oven and radar transmitter.
- It is itself a special kind of vacuum tube that has permanent magnet in its constructions.
- This magnet is setup to affect the path of travel of electrons that are in transit from cathode to the plate.
- Magnetron is capable to deliver more power than reflex klystron or Gunn diode.
- It is a high power oscillator and has high efficiency of 50% to 80%.
- Magnetron is a device which produces microwave radiation of radar application and microwaves.
- Magnetron functions as self-excited microwave oscillator.
- Crossed electron and magnetic fields are used to produce magnetron to produce the high power output required in radar equipment.
- These multi cavity devices are used in transmitters as pulsed or cw oscillators to produce microwave radiation.
- Disadvantage of magnetron is that it works only on fixed frequency
The MAGNETRON (2A), is a self-contained microwave oscillator that operates differently from the linear-beam tubes, such as the TWT and the klystron
Fig 2A
View (B) is a simplified drawing of the magnetron. CROSSED-ELECTRON and MAGNETIC fields are used in the magnetron to produce the high-power output required in radar and communications equipment.
Fig 2B
The magnetron is classed as a diode because it has no grid. A magnetic field located in the space between the plate (anode) and the cathode serves as a grid. The plate of a magnetron does not have the same physical appearance as the plate of an ordinary electron tube. Since conventional inductive-capacitive (LC) networks become impractical at microwave frequencies, the plate is fabricated into a cylindrical copper block containing resonant cavities that serve as tuned circuits. The magnetron base differs considerably from the conventional tube base. The magnetron base is short in length and has large diameter leads that are
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