Download complete project materials on Time Management Strategies Among Office Managers In Nigeria from chapter one to five
ABSTRACT
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This study was embarked upon specifically to find out the effect of time management in enhancing employee productivity in an organization. A survey design was used for study. Five research questions were designed to guide the course of the investigation. Literature postulation of different divergent views and approaches of distinguishing authors on the topic reviewed.Â
The population for the study was 110. A set of structured 110 questionnaire was used to collect data for analysis and 100 questionnaire were retuned and used for analysis. The researcher use the simple mean on 4 point Likert type sale to analyze the data collected from the various respondents.
The findings shows that time management is an essential tool in an organization. It was discovered that through right time management, office professionals create the time you need, and not just wait for it to come and also wise time management can help you find the time for what you desire to do or need to do.
It was found that keeping all materials needed in place and defining objectives as clear as possible helps to manage time. It was found that improper time management leads to low productivity in the organization if office professionals cannot meet deadline. tasks performed lack qualities having done in haste it encourages laziness among employees.Â
It was found that the problem of time management can result to ineffective communication, lack of clear responsibility to employee. It was observed that company make use of time book for in and out movement of staff of the department, company use time log as a guide during working hours and also accept the help of others.To positively meet up with the challenges of time, the techniques for proper time keeping becomes necessary for better performance.Â
The employees’ knowledge of time management is very important because, this will assist them to judiciously manage the allotted time instead of doing other private jobs during the official working hour. The development of clear objective for job and the identification of activities that will help accomplish them lead the employees toward effectiveness.
Employees should make it a point of duty to be conversant with prudent time management, lack of effective time control has always resulted to poor actualization of programs in an organization.Time consciousness is very important; organizations should always start with the first priority to the last priority each day.
Organizations should plan their work and learn to ignore duties that cannot be handled effectively.Organizations should each week effectively, identify the time wasters and be prepared for every eventuality and allocate resources (time) appropriately to a task importance.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE. i
DECLARATION.. ii
APPROVAL PAGE. iii
DEDICATION.. iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. v
ABSTRACT. vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS. vii
CHAPTER ONE. 1
INTRODUCTION.. 1
1.1 Background of the Study. 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem.. 5
1.3 Purpose of the study. 6
1.4 Research Questions. 7
1.5 Significance of the study. 7
1.6 Scope of the Study. 8
1.7 Definition of Terms. 9
CHAPTER TWO.. 11
LITERATURE REVIEW… 11
2.1Â Â Â Introduction. 11
2.1 Concept of Time Management 12
2.2Â Â Â Concept of Employees Performance. 13
2.3Â Â Â Effective Time Management Strategies Used to Enhance Employees Productivity in an Organization.
2.4   Influence of Time Planning on enhancing performance among office Managers  in an Organization.
2.5   Influence of prioritization of Tasks in office managers’ Performance in an Organization. 18
2.6   Influence of Work Schedule strategy on office managers’ Performance in an  Organization. 18
2.7   Influence of Managing Home Responsibility on office managers’ performance in an Organization.
2.8Â Â Â Impact of Time Management strategies in an Organization. 31
2.9Â Â Â Summary of the Literature Review.. 32
CHAPTER THREE. 33
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.. 33
3.1Â Â Â Introduction. 33
3.2Â Â Â Research Design. 33
3.3Â Â Â Area of the Study. 34
3.4Â Â Â Population of the Study. 34
3.5 Â Â Instrument for Data Collection. 35
3.6Â Â Â Method of Distribution of Instrument 35
3.7Â Â Â Validation of Instrument 36
3.8Â Â Â Data Analysis. 36
CHAPTER FOUR.. 37
DATA ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION AND MAJOR FINDINGS. 37
4.0Â Â Â Introduction. 37
4.2Â Â Â Presentation: 38
4.3Â Â Â Major Findings. 42
4.4Â Â Â Discussion of Findings. 44
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.. 47
5.0Â Â Â Introduction. 47
5.1Â Â Â Summary. 47
5.2Â Â Â Conclusion. 48
5.3Â Â Â Recommendations. 49
5.4Â Â Â Areas for Further Study. 50
REFERENCES. 51
APPENDIX 1. 53
CHAPTER ONE
Time itself is a resource and by its nature it is not a renewable resource. Time as a resource is scarce and precious, as such must be properly managed as any time wasted can never be regained. Those who care for their time, are the ones who make great achievement in their personal and professional lives, and they do realize that time is not enough for doing all what they want to do. In contrast, those who do not care much for making achievement are the ones who consider time to be of little value.
To give a definite and exact definition of time, particularly in the field of administration, is not an easy task. Time can be defined as the period assigned or allocated to the doing of and carrying out a function or an assignment.
However, neutral definition says time is the specific, usual or allotted period during which something is done. Thus, time refers to the period of official work. Drucker (2003) refers to time as the limiting factor for effective executives. Time is a unique resource- you cannot rent, hire, buy or otherwise obtain more time. The supply of time is totally inelastic, time is totally irreplaceable and everything requires time.
Time involves planning, organizing and controlling of production activities within a given time frame. Despite the glaring advantage of time, one find that little or no attention is paid to time by employees at all levels.
Time management and quality are important in appreciating productivity of an employee. Adequate time management guarantees a greater productivity in the employee in that it reduces stress, gain time, and helps the employee to stay motivated.
Employee’s productivity is the degree of contribution made by an employee in the running of a business. The level of an employee’s productivity is essential to increase profits for an organization, corporation or small business. This is determined through creating a work environment in which employees are productive (Robbins and Coulter, 2007).
Organizations are composed of individual performing various tasks which enable them to achieve results for which they are established. These tasks are usually achieved when time is properly planned, allocated and utilized in an organization.
According to Benson (2008) attitudes to time are constantly changing. Many of these changes are due to the advent of new technology, which affect our work, travel, and communication. The internet, email, and modern techniques have made the exchange of information almost instantaneous. With communication technology, meetings that would have consumed time for travelling are now done while sitting in comfort of your office.
Travel especially over long distances, has become faster and more affordable. The increase in options available has made it possible for people to do more in a day, also increased the pressure on our time. This makes it all more important to use time in the most efficient and productivity way.
This calls for effective time management. Effective of time management, Cordiner (2000) observes is everything any viable organization can employ to ensure effective and efficient management of time by employees to enhance productivity.
Proper utilization of time usually determines the difference between/success and failure. Effective time management can result in better utilization and more achievements.
Time nevertheless, can be invested and valued. For instance, those who have the time to accomplish their work and the time to enjoy other activities must have learned the difference between qualities. They must be investing every minute of their time, therefore, “time management does not aim at changing, modifying or developing time, but at how to invest it so effectively that time spent uselessly or unproductivity is reduced to a minimum, while attempting to raise productivity within the allocated period of time”
Good time management involves keeping a schedule of the tasks and activities that have been deemed important. Keeping a calendar or daily planner is helpful to stay on task, but self-discipline is also required. The most efficient to-do list in the world will not help someone who does not look at or follow his own daily planner.
The first of the advantages of time management is to be found in the time that is gained. Scheduling and planning activities can remove a lot wasted time. If considering how much time is wasted waiting around for people to be ready for a meeting, a meal or some other activity, then time management could gain hours at a time (Benson, 2008).
The significance of time in his statement: Drucker, (2003) sum up “time management means the management of self. How can one manage the time of others if one cannot manage oneself? As remarked by Drucker, “efficient managers do not start straight with performing their tasks, but they first investigate on how to spend their time. Besides, they do their best to minimize useless activities, which drain their time”
Time management is the art of arranging, organizing, scheduling, and budgeting one’s time for the purpose of generating more effective work and productivity. While time management is often focused on business leaders and corporations, and home makers. Time management is perhaps most essential for the person who owns his or her own business or who runs a business out of the home. Managing work and home responsibilities under the same roof takes a special type of time management
An important aspect of time management strategy is planning ahead. Sometimes, successful time management involves putting in more time at the outset in order to reorganize one’s life. Often, when individuals write down every last activity, they find that there is very little time left for sleeping. The end result is that many activities on a scale of one to three-one being the most important and three being the least- can help with this task.
Time management is a very personal thing and so it should also be possible for everyone to plan anything needed in their life. This means that it should also be flexible enough to change as circumstances change. Some people will only plan their work, and let their free time go with the flow, and some people will plan their whole life.
In most cases everyone can use the advantages of time management to make time for other things. Everyone has time at his disposal and must make good use of it. Apart from resources such as men, machines, and money, time is another important resources used for achieving personal and organizational goals.
Comparing time with other elements, one will see that only time has an absolute and finite limit. Everyone has sixty (60) seconds in every minute. Sixty (60) minute in every hour, and twenty four (24) hours in every day.
Hence, time is inelastic, perishable and cannot be stored and inconvertible to other sources. Recognizing the impact of time in attainment of productivity, managers do not only plan their work but also their time.
Modern management Techniques such as organization and methods motion study work measurement are used to reduce unproductive time of employees which will be spent on things that do not significantly contribute to achievement of objectives.
It is against this background that the study attempts to determine the influence of time management strategies in enhancing the office managers’ performance in an organization.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Time management has been acknowledged the world over as necessary for enhancing higher performance in an organization. This buttresses the reason why more importance is attached to time in every organization. Despite the advantages of time management and its contribution to workers’ efficiency and effectiveness, employees seem to take for granted what needs to be done with urgency.
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