In case your project topic is Solar Energy and Its Maintenance, here is the complete project material from chapter one to five
ABSTRACT
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This technical paper describes solar energy and Its Maintenance. Solar Energy is refers to as the energy from the sun; the conversion of the sunlight into electricity gives you Solar power. It allows any user with necessary receiving components to receive the sun for its utilization by using photovoltaic (PV). Photovoltaic convert light into an electric current and this current can be converted into alternating current (AC) using an inverter and also stored using a well arranged batteries for use in homes for illumination and for appliances at home.
This technical paper will discuss in details the necessary steps to be taken for proper installation and maintenance of solar energy.
Key words:
Solar module/PV, battery, charge controller, inverter and installation.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Solar energy in recent years has attracted more attention to people due to inefficiency and unavailability of power for different use in homes and industries. It is a well known fact that the world is facing a major threat of fast exhaustion of the fossil fuel reserves like in Nigeria where our source of energy is from natural gas and water.
There has been general outcry against lack of constant power supply to help our industries and home appliances. This has brought about the urgent need to explore other means of power generation such as solar energy.
Research has been into the development of reliable and strong systems to harness energy from nonconventional energy resources. Solar power source have experienced a tremendous rapid growth in the past ten years and is Pollution free source of abundant power.
This paper lists the basic components needed for installation of solar energy at homes; this includes the solar panels (PV modules), Charge controller, Battery, Inverter, Connecting wires.
2.0 COMPONENTS OF A SOLAR POWER
Solar design and installation is absolute easy thing one can do but with proper knowledge, training and skill with some money to purchase the equipments. Some of the components you need for installation of solar energy are listed below:
Solar system
Solar panels (photovoltaic PV modules)
Charge controller
Battery
Inverter
connecting wires
Appliances (like Bulb, TV, Fan etc)
1) The Solar system
Solar System can be defined as the Sun and everything that orbits the Sun which also include the planets and their satellites. It can also be called a group of celestial bodies orbiting another star. In this paper, solar system refers to the system that includes Earth and the Sun. Solar energy is the energy from the sun.
It comes to us in form of light and heat. Nigeria receives about 4.851 X 1012P KWh of energy from sun daily, 1.804 X 1015 PKWh annually and the country has average solar P insulation of about 5.535KWh/m2P/day which will effectively be used for solar power installation, and will bring about total change in power system failure in the country.
2) Solar panels (photovoltaic PV modules)
A solar cell or photovoltaic cell can be defined as a device that converts light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Solar Photovoltaic systems generate electricity directly using sunlight. Solar thermal systems actively or passively collect, transport, and utilize solar energy to generate heat.
The generation of voltage across the p-n junction in a semiconductor due to the absorption of light radiation is called photovoltaic effect. The Devices based on this effect is called photovoltaic device.
The solar panel converts the solar energy (energy from the sun) to electricity which charges the battery. For more effective use, more than one solar panel are electrically connected to form array for the purpose of collecting a good amount of sun to charge the battery which will be capable of supplying a home the amount of electricity needed. Solar panel connections are done in two different ways for efficient useful work.
The two ways of connecting solar PV are as follows:
Series connections.
Parallel connections.
2.1) Series connection
Series connection simply is connecting solar panel positive terminals to negative terminals of another. It gives output voltage equals the sum total of the voltage of the entire module in the string and the output current equals the equivalent of the current for a single solar. In series connection all the currents are equal while the voltages are the sum of individual voltages.
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