Download complete project material on Production Of Clean Grain From Multi Crop Thresher For Small Scale Farmers from chapter one to five
ABSTRACT
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The traditional methods of threshing of crops are inefficient, laborious, and time consuming and low out put. The existing fabricated machine was observed during preliminary testing to have low performance. In the light of the above mentioned problems, there is need to modify and testing multi-crop thresher to threshed grain at optimum speed.
The threshing machine consist of the following component: Hopper, frame, beater, sieve, pulley, grain outlet and chaff outlet. The factors considered in this project work was feed rate at two levels of 2 level and were replicated twice (f1=2kg, f2=3kg) at a constant speed of 300rpm.
The parameters under investigation were threshing efficiency, unthreshed efficiency, and breakage efficiency. The result revealed that themachine has a threshing efficiency, untrhreshed efficiency, and breakage efficiency of 90.1%, 9.5%, and 20.1% for feed rate 2kg and 90.9%, 9.1% and 14.11% for feed rate 3kg respectively.
The time taken for 2kg and 3kg was 50.2sec and 43sec, the throughput capacity for 2kg was 143kg|hr and 3kg was 167kg|hr respectively. The feed rate of 3kg favors the machine performance.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
List of figures
List of plates
List of tables’
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
Background of the study 1
Problem statement 2
Aims and objectives 3
Justification 3
Scope of the project 4
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
2.1 Threshing Process
2.2 Agronomy of selected crops
2.2.1 Maize crop
2.2.3 Guinea corn
2.3Â Post Harvest loss on grain
2.4Â Factors Affecting Threshing
2.5Â Methods of Threshing
2.5.1Local Methods of Threshing
2.5.1.1 Manual Method of grain
2.5.1.2 Threshing with animal or vehicle
2.5.1.3 Threshing with hand driven machine
2.5.2Â Â Â Modern method of threshing
2.5.2.1 Em-bee power thresher
2.5.2.2 Midget thresher
2.5.2.3 FGN pedal operated thresher
2.5.2.4 NCAM Multi-crop thresher
2.6Â Review on exiting work on threshing machine
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Modified Areas
3.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Description of the multi-crop thresher
3.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Design consideration
3.4Â Â Â Â Â Â Design Analysis and calculation
3.4.1Â Â Â Design hopper
3.4.2Â Â Â Design for power requirement
3.4.3Â Â Â Design for shaft
3.4.4Â Â Â Pulley design
3.4.5 Belt design
3.4.6 Design for motor seat
3.4.7Â Â Â Bearing selection
3.5Â Â Â Â Â Â Materials selection
3.6Â Â Â Â Â Â Fabrication procedure and assembly
3.6.1Â Â Â Hopper
3.6.2Â Â Â Frame
3.6.3Â Â Â Threshing unit
3.6.4Â Â Â Driven unit
3.6.5Â Â Â Winnowing unit
3.6.6Â Â Â Grain outlet
3.6.7Â Â Â Shaft outlet
3.7Â Â Â Â Â Â Principle of operation
3.8Â Â Â Â Â Â Test Performance
3.8.1Â Â Â Source of materials
3.8.2Â Â Â Sample preparation
3.8.3Â Â Â Experimental procedure
3.8.4Â Â Â Output parameter
3.8.4.1 Threshing efficiency
3.8.4.2 Unthreshed efficiency
3.8.4.3 Throughput capacity
3.8.4.4 Determination of threshing throughput capacity
CHAPTER FOUR:
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Result
4.2 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE:
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
References
Appendices
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Cowpea is a grain legumes appears to have originated from west-African, very widely in Nigeria were there are many wild weedy species in both savanna and forest zone (Steel, 1992).Cowpeas are now widely distributed throughout the tropics and sub-tropics.
They are grown in India, south eastern Asia, and Australia the Caribbean, southern united state and throughout the low land tropical Africa. Nigeria alone produces 61% (760000 tones) of the world total production (Irtwange 2009). Despite this figures, Nigeria continues to suffer from hunger and malnutrition.
This is because the rate that of population growth is exceeded the rate of food production with a consequent decline in per capital food intake (Irtwange 2009). This call for the need to step up food production.
Grain, according to Okaka (2004) is fruit of cultivated grasses belonging to the family of monocotyledonous, gramineace. The principle cereal grain of the world includes wheat, beans, sorghum, rice and maize.
Agriculture commodities are consumed as food and grains contributed to the bulk of the country’s calories and protein. The world grain is broadly used to indicate cereals and pulses. Grain however can be grown extensively for food and the fast growing agricultural based industries.
They are used in either fresh form or dried form. Dried grains are preferred for industrial uses. The major processing methods used in preparing grain are dry milling wet milling and malting (Olatunji,2000).
Maize (zeamays) is cereal crops that are grown widely throughout the world in a range of agro ecological environments more maize is produced annually than any other grains. About 50 species exist and consist of different colors, texture and grain shapes and seize, white yellow and red are most common types.
The white and yellow varieties are preferred by most people depending on the region maize was introduced into Africa the 1500s and since become one of African dominant food crop. The grains are rich in vitamin A, C, and E carbohydrates and essential minerals and contain 99% protein. They are also rich in dietary fiber and calories which are good source of energy (Adeokoma2001).
1.2 Problem Statement
Traditional threshing method do not support large- scale threshing of grains especially for commercial purposes. Locally in Nigeria the region that is the highest producer of grain like maize is the northern part of the country it was observed that the most threshing of grainwasdone by hand shelling.
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