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The research was conducted to determined the prevalence of obesity among lecturers in CST Kaduna polytechnic.10% of the lecturers where selected at random from each department. A structure questioner was used to collect information on the personal data, medical and dietary history. The body composion was to determined by the body fat, visceral fat, skeletal muscle and body mass index. The result shows that the prevalence of obesity is more among.
Lecturers aged 45-50years with (6%).followed by overweight aged 50-55. (59%)(34%)with aged 55-60 are normal. Medical checkup, exercise, avoiding fatty food, limiting unhealthy foods, intake of high fiber diet and fruits and vegetable recommended for the prevention and curing of obesity among staff of C.S.T Kaduna poly. duties at work.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Background of the Study
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health leading to reduce life expectancy and/or increased health problems (WHO 2006).
Obesity and over weight is abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk health factor (WHO 2007). Obesity or Exacerbate many healthy problems both independently and in association with other disease (Kopelman 1994).
Obesity is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease (CHD), and increased incidence of certain form of cancer respiratory and complication (S.ABS 1979).
American heart association 1997 acknowledge that obesity was independent modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. The risk of developing heart failure is twice as high in patient, with BMI greater than 30 as compared to non obessed patient independent of other morbidities. This may be due to variety of physiological changes occurring in the heart, including an increased in the circulating blood volume in heart which may lead to fluid retention. This can subsequently cause the heart to undergo volume over load putting further strains on it capacity to work.
Excess weight cause an increased strain on the body requiring a greater cardiac work load at a given level of activity, compared to a non-obese individual. Hypertension, left ventricular enlargement and hypertrophy may occur, as a condition where left side of the heart is thickened and enlarged. This is also known to increase patient risk to heart failure, produce irregular and fetal hearts rhythms and can lead to heart attacks or sudden death. (John .A2015).
Adipose tissue promotes the development of atherosclerosis; this is a hardening of the arteries, believed to be an inflammatory disorder. Leptin is a hormone produced form excessive adipose tissue and turns – on inflammatory system accelerating coronary atherosclerosis and inducing insulin resistance this process can damage heart cells. In veritably leading to replacement of healthy heart cells by fatty cells the implications of this are profound. Leading to deadly rhythm disturbance. (John, A .2015).
Another well documented complication of obesity is sleep apnea symptoms include a complain of daytime sleepiness, snoring at night and instances where patients may “stop” “breathing” this disease has significant at higher risk for heart failure, high blood pressure and sudden rhythm disturbance.(John,2015)
Direct measurement of body fat requires sophiscated equipment and time consuming, it is also difficult in epidemiological studies, the most commonly used surrogate Measure for prediction of body fat percentage (BF %) is body mass index (BMI). Now some studies have shown that BMI have an imperfect association, and some in contrast justify a strong association. Some even have described the linear nature of the relationship.
WHO recommends BMI as the most useful population level measure of overweight and obesity, and is used as the same for both sexes in all ages, of adults. BMI of >25kg / m2 and > 30kg/m2 are considered to be overweight and obese in adult irrespective of gender and age. This use of a single standard for obesity of all adults was recommended, because it is true to be independent of aged and it can be used for marking comparisons across studies.(Jean.2012)
Visceral Fat and Muscle Mass.
Aging is often accompanied by changes in body composition that lead to a shift toward decreased muscle mass, and increased fat mass, and increased fat mass even more relatively weight – stable, healthy individuals both obesity and sarcopenia. The aged related loss of skeletal muscle and functions are important, Causes of frailty, disability, morbidity and mortality.
Visceral fat may have a greater impact on the cardio vascular disease the proximity of visceral fat to your liver boost production of LDL cholesterol which collects in your arteries and forms plague waxy substance.
Overtimes
this waxy plaque becomes inflamed causing swelling that narrows the arteries restricting the passage of blood, and increased blood pressure straining your heart and potentially damage tiny capillaries and increase risk of blood clots which can break loose and causes stroke. (Jean. 2012).
Statement of the Problem
The background of the study shows that obesity and overweight are define as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in the body that may impair health .During the last few decades, the prevalence of obesity has increased and has become a considerable global health hazard. Excessive body fat is associated with increase metabolic risk such as coronary heart disease and heart attack.
1.1Research Questions
– What is the prevalence of obesity among lecturers in Kaduna polytechnic (CST)
– How do we determine body mass index of different aged group in CST
Broad Objective
To determine the prevalence of obesity among lectures in CST using body composition monitor
Specific Objective
To determine the BMI and body fat % of lecturers in CST
To determine the visceral fat % of lecturers in CST
To determine the skeletal fat % of lecturers in CST
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