Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Screening of Ethanol and Hexane Bark Extracts of Boswellia Dalzielii Against Selected Clinical Isolates is a complete project materials you can download for your final year research work.
CHAPTER ONE
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Nature has endowed man with various plants which are useful in managing various human diseases. Man from the ancient times had recognized the fact that plants contain intrinsic substances which when taken internally or applied on the body produce desirable healing or curative effect (Amaechina et al., 2007).
Research into various plants of medicinal value has proven to be successful as the pharmacological activity and mechanism of action of some of these plants have been fully established (Amaechina el al., 2007).
The use of plants for medicinal purpose in an important part of the culture and tradition in Africa. Thus about 80% of the population depends directly on the traditional medicine for their primary health care (Ekhaise et al., 2001).
Today, here has been an increasing incidence of multiple resistances in human pathogenic microorganism in recent years, largely due to indiscriminate use of commercial antimicrobial drugs commonly employed in the treatment of infectious disease (Eloff, 2008).
The development of Resistance of antimicrobial agent has forced scientist to search for anti microbial substance from alternative source such as medicinal plants (Blumenthal, 2009).
In addition, certain antibiotics present undesirable side effects such as nausea, depression of bone marrow, thrombocytopenic purpura and a granulocytosis leading to the emergence of previously uncommon disease (Ekhaise et al., 2001).
The high cost of conventional drugs, particularly in resource limited communities, has led to the increase use of plants as an alternative for treatment of infectious disease (Ekhaise et al.,2001).
Plant extracts and phytochemicals with anti-microbial properties are of great significance in therapeutic treatment. Their antimicrobial properties are due to compounds synthesized in the secondary metabolism of the plant.
The screening of plant extracts and plant product for antimicrobial activity has shown that plant represent a potential source of novel antibiotic protypes (Porter, 2007).
Medicinal plants are of great importance to the health of individual and communities. The medicinal values of these plants lies in some chemical active substances that produce a definite physiological action on the human body (Porter, 2007).
Boswellia dalzielii is a tree that belongs to the family Burseraceae from the genus of Boswellia and species of B. dalzielii.
It is abundantly found in West Africa in countries such as Ghana, Ivory Coast, Upper Volta, and Northern part of Nigeria where the Hausa speaking people of Nigeria call it Hano or Ararrabi (Weiss et al., 2006).
The plant is popular in the northern part of Nigeria due to its Ethnomedicinal importance (Acharya et al., 2008). Phytochemical investigation of the crude plant extracts shows the presence of active principles in the plant parts like bark, leaves), flowers, roots, seeds e.t.c (Acharya et al., 2008).
Phytochemicals are non-nutritive plant chemicals that have protective or disease preventing properties.
Plant produces these chemicals to protect itself but studies demonstrate that many phytochemicals can protect human against diseases, knowledge of the chemical constituents of plants is desirable because such information will be of value for the synthesis of complex chemical substance (Ahmed et al., 2008).
Taxonomic Classification
Kingdom        –       Plantae
Phylum           –       Tracheophyta
Class               –       Magnoliopsida
Order             –       Sapindales
Family        –          Burseraceae
Genus        –          Boswellia
Species           –          B. dalzielii
1.1Â Â AIM OF THE STUDY
The aim of the study is to determine the phytochemical constituents and anti-bacterial activity of Ethanol and Hexane bark extract of Boswellia dalzielii against selected clinical isolates.
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
To screen the extract of Boswellia dalzielii for its active components that makes it posses the disease fighting property
To determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration(MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of Boswellia dalzielii
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