Download complete project materials on Photochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activities On (carica papaya) from chapter one to five
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CONTENTS
Cover page
Title page
Declaration
Approval page.
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of contents
List of tables
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
1.0Â Â Â Â Introduction
1.1Â Â Â Â The Plant Role in Human
1.2Â Â Â Â Aim
1.3Â Â Â Â Objective
1.4Â Â Â Â Scope
CHAPTER TWO
2.0Â Â Â Â Literature Review
2.1Â Â Â Â Carica Papaya
2.2Â Â Â Â Anti- Malarial Activity Of Carica papaya(Family; Caricaceae) Leaf Extract Against Plasmodium Falciparum
2.3Â Â Â Â Antioxidant Analysis of Different Part of Carica papaya
2.4Â Â Â Â In-Vitro Sensitivity Pattern of Some Urinary Tract Isolates To Carica Papaya Extracts
2.5Â Â Â Â Antisickling Property of Carica papayaLeaf Extract
2.6Â Â Â Â Anti-Bacterial Activity F Papaya Leaf Extracts Against Pathogenic Bacteria
2.7    Phytochemical Screening of the Polar Extract of Carica papayalinn and  the Evaluation of their anti HIV- 1 activity
2.8Â Â Â Â Papaya (Carica Papaya) source material for Anticancer
2.9Â Â Â Â Antimicrobials
CHAPTER THREE
3.0Â Â Â Â Materials and Method
3.1    collection and identification of carica papaya leaf carica papaya leaf
3.2Â Â Â Â Apparatus
3.3Â Â Â Â Instrument
3.4Â Â Â Â Reagent Needed
3.5.1Â washing and drying of papaya leaf
3.5.2 Grinding and Storage of Dried Samples.
3.5.3Â Extraction of the Dried Powdered Sample
3.5.4 Filtration of the extract
3.5.5Â Solvent Evaporation
3.5.6Â Principle of a Rotary Evaporator
3.6Â Â Â Â Phytochemcial Screening
3.6.1Â Carbohydrates Test
3.6.2Â Test for Alkaloid
3.6.3Â Flavonoid Test
3.6.4Â Steroid Test
3.6.5Â Tannin Test
3.6.6Â Saponin Test
3.7Â Â Â Â Antimicrobial Activities
3.7.1Â Zone Of Inhibition of the Extract
3.7.2 Minimum Inhibition Concentration. (MIC)
3.7.3Â Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC)
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0Â Results.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation.
5.1 Discussion
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
Reference
ABSTRACT
The extraction of leaf constituents is essential to isolate biologically active compound, aimed of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity, for traditional medicine for the treatment of various disease like cancer, malaria, sickle cell etc. the powdered leaf of carica papaya was extracted with methanol . the concentrated crude methanolic exract was then evaluated for phytochimical screening was performed to determine the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloid, flavonoids, steroids, tannin and saponins.
The antimicrobial activities of methanolic solvent extract of carica papaya leaf were tested against the gram- positive and gram negative bacterial strains. The animicobial test was performed by disc diffusion method the gram- positive bacteria used in the test were streptococcus pyogene, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and the gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli, shigella boydii and fungus like candida Albans.
The crude methanolic extract of carica papaya leaf showed mild to moderate antimicrobial against the microorganisms at different concentration of 50 fig/disc, 100 (µg/disc and 150 µg/disc. However, activity was found against streptococcus pyogenees and shigella boydii.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Phytochemical are chemicals compounds that naturally occur in plants which are responsible for many of the plants such as smell, taste, colour and other organoleptic properties of the plant.
It is a known fact that in order for a plant to protect itself. It produces some chemical which can also protect humans against disease. This cures some specific disease like cancer, stroke, sickler, malaria etc.
Phytochemical screening of Pawpaw leaves is a chemical process of extracting and identifying the medicine nature of the pawpaw plant.
The extraction obtained from this plant can be useful for both human and animals.
The Plant Role in Human
The local use of natural plants as primary health benefits remedies due to their pharmacological properties is quite common. Moral condition especially freedom from pain or disease. But true health is more than what. It includes the joy of living. The power and ability to lead a satisfying and purposeful life.
Modern drugs or conventional medicine is often viewed as impersonal, emphasizing crisis intervention. It is not only expensive also many of them bring about side effect which are sometimes more dangerous than the disease itself.
Plant contain natural substance that can promote health and alleviate illness. They are source of medicines directly. The origin of medicines are tied up with plants. Alcohol was produced from starch early in civilization for use as a beverage preservative but also as surface sterilizing agent- quinine from plant bark prevents malaria. Morphine, codeine, and cocarine are useful as local anesthetic and serve other purpose through side effect too.
Digitoxin from fox love has been used to regulate heat beart  caffeine from plants is an important daily stimulant for many humans. Nicotine and A.G. THC are important recreational drugs. There are probably many more important medicines to be found in the tropical forest of the world where countless species remain unknown species of flowering plant on earth.
Digitalis is used in heart patients. The list goes on the study of new plant can and has led to the creation of medicines that can save lives and cure illness. As the tropical rainforest shrinks day by day. The potential to discouver new plants shrinks as well, yet few researcher are actively seeking new pant species in the jungle of south America. (Alabi et al, (2012).
 1.2 AimÂ
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the photochemical screening and antimicrobial analysis like alkaloids, flavonoids e.t.c of methanolic extract of carica papayaleaf.
1.3 Objective
The objective of this study was to assess chemical and biological activity of carica papayaleaf using selected bench top bioassays including anti bacterial and anti fungi e.g. like microorganism.
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