An Evaluation of Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) project material download complete from references and abstract
ABSTRACT
PASS 2024 UTME WITHOUT STRESS:- 👉 DOWNLOAD and PRACTICE with 2023 UTME CBT APP 📱👈
CLICK to DOWNLOAD NOW.:- 👉 PASS Your POST UTME by Downloading Your School's Post UTME Past Questions and Answers 📱👈
National Health Insurance scheme (NHIS) is a health care scheme established by the Federal Government of Nigeria in 2005 for better health delivery to its populace. The objective was to determine the proportion of Nigerians adults enrolled in the scheme, their satisfaction with the quality and availability of services within the scheme and the factors responsible for the dismal health indices in the country despite the scheme.
The study also aimed at assessing the level of health care services delivered to the enrollees of the scheme as well as the level of satisfaction derived by the enrollees from healthcare services provided by the scheme, and to determine the extent to which National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) has promoted equal access to healthcare facilities in the country.
The study was anchored on Samuel Stouffer’s Relative Deprivative Theory of 1949.The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Findings from the study revealed that the level of health care services to the beneficiaries of National Health Insurance Scheme in Oyo state is low. It also revealed that a greater number of the enrollees are not satisfied with the quality of healthcare services provided by the scheme.
The study also found out that NHIS has not promoted equal access to healthcare facilities among enrollees in the country. However, dissatisfaction was more with the amenities, referral system, awareness creation, coverage, and negligence in the provision of services by the operators of the scheme, non-availability of required drugs, poor funding scheme, and unequal distribution of health care services to the beneficiaries among other factors.
The implication is that the scheme is yet to achieve the basic purpose of its establishment of ensuring universal provision of health care services to majority of Nigerians and to reduce out-of-pocket expenditure for health care services for Nigerians. The study therefore recommended that since funds are drawn for the purpose of reducing out-of-pocket expenditure, the scheme should be overhauled in order to identify and curtail funds diversion to increase the basic provision of healthcare goods and services.
The study also recommended that an effective consumer protection authority should be established, not just for NHIS consumers but for all healthcare consumers in Oyo state: to enable healthcare providers to know that they are actually dealing with irreplaceable lives and that the quality of healthcare should as well be born in mind to prevent the consumption of sub-standard goods and services through the scheme. Â
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certification
DedicationÂ
Acknowledgement Â
AbstractÂ
Table of ContentsÂ
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction/Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Research Questions
1.4 Objectives of the Study
1.5 Hypothesis of the Study
1.6 Scope of the Study
1.7 Justification of the Study
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms  Â
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review 11
2.1.0 Conceptual Review
2.1.1 Concept of National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS)
2.1.2 Concept of Health Insurance
2.1.3 Evaluation of the NHIS
2.2 Review of Empirical Literature
2.3 Theoretical Review
2.3.1 Relevant Deprivative Theory
2.3.2 Political Economy of Health
2.3.3 Structural/Functionalist Theory
2.4 Conceptional framework Â
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research Methodology
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Area of Study
3.3 Population of Sampling Unit
3.4 Instrumentality
3.5 Validity and Reliability of Instrument
3.6 Data analysis Techniques
CHAPTER FOUR
Data Analysis and Interpretation 28
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Presentation and analysis of Data
4.3 Research Hypothesis
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation 47
5.1 Summary of Findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
References
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION / BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The rising cost of health care services as well as the inability of the government health facilities to cope with the people’s demand necessitated the establishment of National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). The start of the NHIS dates back to 1962 when the need for health insurance in the provision of health center to Nigerians was first recognized (Akande and Bello, 2002), Katibi and Akande, 2003.
It was fully approved by the Federal Government in 1997, signed into law in 1999 and launched officially on the 6th June 2005. The Scheme is designed to provide comprehensive health care delivery at affordable costs, covering employees of the formal sector, self-employed, as well as rural communities, the poor and the vulnerable groups.
Several approaches abound in financing health care. These range from fees for service to private insurance, general taxation, social insurance, community, financing, loans, general grants. In Nigeria, combination of all these in different proportion has been practiced for decades.
The most basic form of health care financing is that of fees for services, where a fee is charged to cover all or part of the cost of the service provided. In many low and middle income countries a fixed fee for service, known as a user charge, is used by government health facilities both as a means of raising revenue and as a means of discouraging what may be viewed as ‘unnecessary demand’.
This form of health care financing has a number of disadvantages. The direct payment of fees for service is regressive in that it causes the greatest hardship for the poor, and may cause major difficulties in payment for waged laborers, who are unpaid during sickness (Goodman, 1993).
The Nigerian health sector has largely been based on a fee for service system fee for service system with government funds supplementing in capital project financing. External loans and grants in form of technical assistance and free drugs especially for the preventive service are common in Nigeria.
The Global fund for HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis is one of such initiatives tem Immunization campaigns are also supported by donor agencies. So far, the common man is yet to get the best of healthcare in Nigeria. The fee for service system makes so much from his pockets and leaves him unprepared for most medical expenses.
As a result of very high and unpredictable medical costs, many users of the fee for service system arrange cover through private insurance schemes, where the risk of illness is pooled among the insured group. Private insurance scheme attempt to spread the risk of illness over all insured and as such discriminate less against the sick than pure fee based system (Green, 2007).
Social insurance schemes on the other hand widen the base of private schemes with payments tied to wage levels. Contributions to the scheme are made of employees, employers, and in some cases the state. This system is identical for all enrollees, and the premiums are based on income rather than health status with collection systems for contribution organized within industrialized system have been the forerunners of National health insurance system through either national insurance or tax.
The Nigerian government instituted a social health insurance system in 2005 to bring succor to the plight of its citizens through the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). Health Insurance involves the appreciation of insurance principles to cover cost of defined medical benefit packages. It involves risk sharing between those who will not. It also involves spreading the burden of cost of health care services to the insured over time so that the insured can access services anytime without paying.
There is dearth of literature on the effect of various health financing options for low and middle income countries (Ekman 2007; Milks, Rasheed, Tollman, 2006).
More so, enrollment in insurance has been found to result in altered behavior, such as utilizing unnecessary medical care, a concept known as ‘moral hazard’ (Sulzbach, Garshong, Owusu-Banachene, 2005).
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Nigeria’s health system is ranked 187th of 191 World Health Organization (WHO) member states (WHO, 2000) with an infant mortality rate ranging from 500 per 100,000 in the south west geo-political zone to 800 per 100,000 infant in the a f North East zone, prenatal mortality rate of 48 per 1000 and child mortality rate of 205 per 1000.
This means that over 25% of Nigerian children would not survive beyond childhood (UNICEF, 2006). More recent figures (partnership for Material, New born and Child Health, 2008) show the North East geo-political zone attaining a mortality rate of 1700 per 100,000 births.
In most developing countries, Nigeria in particulars, there is a clear lack of universal coverage of health care and little equity. Access to health care is severely limited in Nigeria, Otuyemi, (2001). Inabilities of the consumers to pay for the services as well as the health care provision that is far from being equitable have been identified among other factors to impose the limitations, Sanusi et al (2009).
Financing a public health service in Nigeria has been through government subvention funded mainly from earning from petroleum exports and user fees for patients. Decline in funding for health care commenced after the mid 1980’s following a drastic reduction in revenue from oil exports, mounting external debts burden, structural adjustment program me and rapid population growth rate, Shaw, et al (1995). The result as in most other developing countries was a rapid decline in the quality and effectiveness of publicly provided healthcare services, Shaw, et al (1995).
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE COMPLETE MATERIAL (CHAPTER 1 -5)
>GUARANTTEE|:| Score 280 Above in 2024 UTME👉 DOWNLOAD FREE JAMB CBT APP HERE:.: GURRANTTEE Score 280 Above in 2022 UTME👉 DOWNLOAD FREE JAMB CBT APP HERE 📱👈WISH TO STUDY & LIVE in UK?:- STUDY, WORK AND LIVE IN the UK Application Form NOW OUT. Call 08030447894
