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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER TWO:
LITERATURE REVIEW
ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION OF SWEET POTATO
DESCRIPTION OF SWEET POTATO PLANT
USES OF SWEET POTATO
NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF SWEET POTATO
ANTI- NUTRITIONAL FACTORS
NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF SWEET POTATO
POLYPHENOLS COMPOSITION
2.1.5.2. ANTI-OXIDATIVE, ANTI-MUTAGENICITY AND ANTI-
CARCINOGENICITY
ANTI-DIABETES
ANTI-NUTRIENTS IN SWEET POTATO
ENZYME COMPOSITION OF SWEET POTATO
ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION OF SORGHUM PLANT
DISTRIBUTION OF SORGHUM PLANT
USES OF SORGHUM
ENZYME COMPOSITION OF SORGHUM
NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF SORGHUM
ANTI-NUTRIENTS IN SORGHUM
CHAPTER THREE:
MATERIALS AND METHODS
MATERIALS
METHODOLOGY
PROCESSING OF SWEET POTATO TUBER
PROCESSING OF SORGHUM GRAIN
SWEET POTATO AND SORGHUM ANALYSIS
PROXIMATE ANALYSIS
DETERMINATION OF FAT CONTENT
DETERMINATION OF ASH CONTENT
DETERMINATION OF CRUDE FIBRE
DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE CONTENT
DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN
DETERMINATION OF CARBOHYDRATES
ANTI-NUTRIENTS AND PHYTOCHEMICALS
DETERMINATION OF TANNINS
DETERMINATION OF HYDROCYANIC ACID
DETERMINATION OF ANTHOCYANNINS
DETERMINATION OF PHYTATE/PHYTIC ACID
DETERMINATION OF MINERAL CONTENT
MAGNESIUM
IRON
ZINC
PHOSPHOROUS
POTASSIUM
DETERMINATION OF PASTING PROPERTIES
DETERMINATION OF PHENOL OXIDASE
DETERMINATION OF REDUCING SUGARS; FRUCTOSE, GLUCOSE AND SUCROSE
CHAPTER FOUR:
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
TABLE 1: PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF THE SAMPLES AND DISCUSSION
TABLE 2: MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SAMPLES AND DISCUSSION
TABLE 3: PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE SAMPLES AND DISCUSSION
TABLE 4: PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SAMPLES AND DISCUSSION
TABLE 5: SUGAR COMPOSITION OF THE SAMPLES AND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE:
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is an important food crop in the tropical and sub tropical countries and belongs to the family convolvulaceae. It is cultivated in more than 100 countries. ( Woolfe, 1992).
Nigeria is the third largest producer in the world with china leading, followed by Uganda. Sweet potato ranks seventh among the world food crops, third in value of production and fifth in caloric contribution to human diet (Bouwkamp, 1985).
Sweet potatoes are rich in dietary fibre, minerals, vitamins and anti oxidants such as phenolic acids, anthocyanins, tocopherol and ß- carotene. Besides acting as anti oxidants, carotenoids and phenolic compounds also provide sweet potatoes with their distinctive flesh colours( cream, deep yellow, orange and purple). Sweet potato blends with rice, cowpea and plantain in nigerian diets.
It is also becoming popular as a substitute to yam and garri. It can be reconstituted into fofoo or blended with other carbohydrate flour sources such as wheat ( Triticumaestivum) and cassava ( Manihotesculenta) for baking bread, biscuits and other confectioneries (Woolfe, 1992).
The leaves are rich in protein and the orange flesh varieties contain high beta carotene and are very important in combating vitamin A deficiency especially in children.
Sorghum (sorghum bicolor (S. bicolor) is a tropical plant belonging to the family of poaceae, is one of the most important crops in Africa, Asia and Latin America. More than 35% of sorghum is grown directly for human consumption. The rest is used primarily for animal feed, alcohol production and industrial products ( FAO, 1995).
The current annual production of 60 million tons is increasing due to the introduction of improved varieties and breeding conditions. Several improved sorghum varieties adapted to semi-arid tropic environments are released every year by sorghum breeders.
Selection of varieties meeting specific local food and industrial requirements from this great biodiversity is of high importance for food security. In developing countries in general and particularly in West Africa demand for sorghum is increasing.
This is due to not only the growing population but also to the countries policy to enhance its processing and industrial utilization.
More than 7000 sorghum varieties have been identified, therefore there is a need of their further characterization to the molecular level with respect to food quality. The acquisition of good quality grain is fundamental to produce acceptable food products from sorghum.
Sorghum while playing a crucial role in food security in Africa, it is also a source of income of household . In West Africa, ungerminated sorghum grains are generally used for the preparation of “to”, porridge and couscous. Malted sorghum is used in the process of local beer “dolo” (reddish, cloudy or opaque), infant porridge and non fermented beverages. Sorghum grains like all cereals are comprised primarily of starch.
The aim and objective of this work is to obtain diet low in sugars, with enriched nutrients intended for diabetics.
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