Download complete project material for Effect Of Solar Thermal On The Performance Of Photovoltaic Cell from chapter one to five
CHAPTER ONE:
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INTRODUCTION
1.0Â Â Â Â An Overview of Photovoltaic Power
Solar thermal technology uses the sun’s energy, rather than fossil fuels, to generate low-cost, environmentally friendly thermal energy. This energy is used to heat water or other fluids, and can also power solar cooling systems. Solar thermal systems differ from solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, which generate electricity rather than heat.
Solar thermal systems drive business value by providing
Photovoltaics are best known as a method for generating electric power by using solar cells to convert energy from the sun into a flow of electrons by the photovoltaic effect.
Solar cells produce direct current electricity from sunlight which can be used to power equipment or to recharge a battery. The first practical application of photovoltaics was to power orbiting satellites and other spacecraft, but today the majority of photovoltaic modules are used for grid connected power generation. In this case an inverter is required to convert the DC to AC.
There is a smaller market for off-grid power for remote dwellings, boats, recreational vehicles, electric cars, roadside emergency telephones, remote sensing, and cathodic protection of pipelines.
Photovoltaic power generation employs solar panels composed of a number of solar cells containing a photovoltaic material. Copper solar cables connect modules (module cable), arrays (array cable), and sub-fields. Because of the growing demand for renewable energy sources, the manufacturing of solar cells and photovoltaic arrays has advanced considerably in recent years.
Solar photovoltaic power generation has long been seen as a clean energy technology which draws upon the planet’s most plentiful and widely distributed renewable energy source – the sun. Cells require protection from the environment and are usually packaged tightly in solar panels.
Photovoltaic power capacity is measured as maximum power output under standardized test conditions (STC) in “Wp” (watts peak). The actual power output at a particular point in time may be less than or greater than this standardized, or “rated,” value, depending on geographical location, time of day, weather conditions, and other factors. Solar photovoltaic array capacity factors are typically under 25%, which is lower than many other industrial sources of electricity.
Aim
The aim of this project is to study the effect of solar thermal on performance of photovoltaic cell in solar energy.
Objective
Study all possible effect of solar thermal on performance of photovoltaic cell should be understood.
Limitation and Scope of the Study
This project research is limited to the effect of solar thermal on the performance of photovoltaic cell.
The major phenomena that limit PV efficiency of the module are as follows
light reflection from the module surface,
solar light energy too little or too much of that which is needed to separate electrons from bonds,
recombination of electrons and holes before they could contribute to electric current,
(series resistance to current flow,
self-shading resulting from top-surface electric contacts,
performance degradation at non optimal operating temperatures.
Justification of the Study
Over 80% of the world solar cell and module production is currently based on sliced single crystal and polycrystalline silicon cells, so this paper is focused on the silicon.
Statement of the Problem
Solar power is a variable energy source, with energy production dependent on the sun. Solar facilities may produce no power at all some of the time, which could lead to an energy shortage if too much of a region’s power comes from solar power (Pathak M et al., 2014)..
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Significance of the Study
Solar cell performance decreases with increasing temperature, fundamentally owing to increased internal carrier recombination rates, caused by increased carrier concentrations. The operating temperature plays a key role in the photovoltaic conversion process. Both the electrical efficiency and the power output of a photovoltaic (PV) module depend linearly on the operating temperature.
Generally, the performance ratio decreases with latitude because of temperature. However, regions with high altitude have higher performance ratios due to low temperature, like, southern Andes, Himalaya region, and Antarctica. PV modules with less sensitivity to temperature are preferable for the high temperature regions and more responsive to temperature will be more effective in the low temperature regions.
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