Download complete project material on Effect Of Slum In Urban Centre On Property Value chapter one to five with references
SYNOPSIS
Housing problems, infrastructural decay social vices, environmental degradation and traffic congestion have been considered as the outcomes of rapid population growth and tremendous pressure which causes decay of an environment. This project will look into the causes and effect of slums in urban centre and later discuss the need for renewal in the case study area.
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This project will focus mainly on Beere Area in Ibadan South West Local Government of Oyo State/ however, the reason for the focus of this area is due to the state of slum and blight present in the area of which if care is not taken it outrun government effort in creating a beautiful, livable and severe environment for people living in the area. Urban renewal will play an important role in the policy towards sustainable development of the area and this will be achieved through a proper review of urban renewal programmes and drawn out plan for effective urban renewal programmes and suggestion will be made to fest all future reference.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of contents
List of tables
List of figures
List of plates
Synopsis
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Statement of problem
1.2 Aim and objectives of the study
1.3 Significance of the study
1.4 Scope and limitation of the study
1.5 Study area
1.6 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review
2.1 From the pre-colonial town to the mainSlum of the city
2.2 The slums in Ibadan in the 1990’s
2.3 Types of slum in Ibadan according to Age, location and size.
2.4 Characteristics of slum
2.5 Causes of slums
2.6 Effects of slum on environment
2.7 The Oyo State Urban Renewal Scheme, a World Bank Assisted Project
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research design
3.1 Instrumentation for data collection
3.2 Procedures for processing and Analyzing collected data
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data presentation and analysis
4.1 Sex of the respondent
4.2 Marital status of the respondents
4.3 Educational status of the respondents
4.4 Occupational status of the respondents
4.5 Income level per month
4.6 Condition of buildings
4.7 Age of buildings
4.8 Types of the building
4.9 Materials used for construction
4.10 Condition of the roof
4.11 Condition of the window
4.12 Condition of the doors
4.13 Types of toilet facilities
4.14 Nature of bathroom facilities
4.15 Types of kitchen
4.16 Sources of water supply
4.17 Drainage pattern
4.18 Infrastructure utilities/services
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary of findings, Recommendations & Conclusion
5.1 Summary of findings
5.2 Recommendations
5.3 Conclusion
References
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
A slum is an area that has deteriorated, it was originally applied to those cities which have gradually deteriorated as the original resident move out to newer, better area of town. Dickson (1951).
According to Mc Gianaha et al (2007) economic activity and urban development often increase the environmental pressures that lead to flooding and slum.
Urban renewal can be defined as a process of the town. It can be defined as the process of replacing out gone, outdated out modeled, out finished, worn out structures and facilities in an area suffering from slum. It also gradual re-ordering of the use of land and building to meet the present day requirement and estimated future development and needs, Omole (1995).
Based on this topic, urban renewal can be defined as a state-authorized, redevelopment and finance program designed to help communities improve and redevelop areas that are physical deteriorated, suffering economic stagnation, unsafe or poorly planned environment. This projects therefore examines the problems and causes of slum and the need for urban renewal, using Beere Area in Ibadan as a case study. Beere as a case study was situated at Ibadan, in many years ago the people of the study area were traders and also worried of traditional favourable wears. Slum was to be found in the city centre (Beere) due to movement of people from rural area to urban area.
In view of congestion and slum at Beere provision of housing by Government that is up to the standard expected from the town planners has become more burden, some to individual and Governments because of conception pattern and housing preference.
1.1STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The area selected for this project work at Beere Ibadan South-West Local Government Area, Oyo-State. The reason for choosing the topic was to identify the causes and effects of slum in the study area (Beere) and also to provide the likely solution to upgrade such environment for the use.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The aim study is to examine the causes and effects of slum in the study area.
The objective to be considered are as follow;
(i) To Examine the present socio-economic situation of the study area.
(ii) To identify the causes of slum of the study area.
(iii)To examine the adequate of infrastructural facilities such as electricity supply, good road, pipe borne water in the study area.
(iv) To examine the effect of slum in property value and the environment generally.
(v) To suggest recommendation for the problems identified.
1.3 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY
The important of this particular study is to show and demonstrate the relevance of the urban renewal program to eradicate slum environment and also the adaptation of such urban renewal will help local government to generate more revenue within the jurisdiction. It also educate the public and decision makers on the importance of urban renewal in our cities.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The research study will limit its scope to Beere Area only in Ibadan South-West Local Government Area.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The major hindrances to the scope of these research work, was the unwillingness of the certain officers in supplying information required of them due to the erroneous belief that such information was strictly confidential and must not be disclosed.
Other limiting factors include short space of time available for the research work in adequate material and financial handicap which militated against the effort of the researcher.
1.6 STUDY AREA
Beere Area is located in the South-West of Ibadan Metropolis City, Oyo State of Nigeria. The major landform are hill plains and river valleys, dominate the whole landscope of Ibadan region.
A good proportion of the area lie at height 60meter above the sea level, means height is 230miles.
However, Beere Study area is under jurisdiction of Ibadan South-West Local Government. The Local government was the one of the five local government carried out of the old Ibadan municipal government in August 28th 1999 by the Ex-President of Nigeria, General Ibraheem Babangida.
It bounded on the North by Gege, Agbeni – Ogunpa Road on the east by Oja-Oba, Idi-Arere Road and on the West by OJo, Iwo Road respectively.
The existence Beere could be traced down to the early settlement of the people in Ibadan Land. The people of various origin came down to settle at Ibadan either with the aim of commerce or business transaction or as a result of war lord, migrated from their origin to Ibadan Land.
Beere being the area study how ever could be traced to the settlement of Ogunmola (A great warrior came to Ibadan during the reign of Iba-Oluyole in 1931 from Fiyisu) Ogunmola came to assist Iba-Oluyole in his war camp and consequently increase the population of Ibadan after series of successful ware fare.
Ogunmola was asked to settled at Igbo-Oro the present area where Mapo Hill was positioned, it was in Igbo-Oro that Ogunmola meet a friend called Oderinde. Moreover in 1925 when Mapo Hill was to be created, Ogunmola move down to Beere and settle down with some of his families at Beere. The families that settled Ogunmola are; Aare Ogunmola, Omire, Dada, Bioku, Fadaiya and so on.
The hierarchical order of ruler ship in Beere is as thus; Mogaji Baale, Iya Ile, Mogaji of Ogunmola’s Families is Olasupo Akanji (Who was the twelve Mogaji).
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Slum: George (1999) Define slum as a group of buildings or an area characterized by overcrowding, deterioration, unsanitary condition or absence of facilities, such as portable water, drainage system, school, health facilities, recreational ground, post office etc. which because these condition or any of them endanger the health, safety or moral of its inhabitant or the community.
1.7.1 URBAN BLIGHT
This can be defined and described as a condition in a part of urban area or the whole of an urban area, which because of the premature obsolescence and physical deterioration or other factor has become undesirable for or impossible for normal development or redevelopment of occupancy to take place. Urban blight ranges from simple to complex and its three main types which are; physical, social, and economic blight, Lawal (1999).
1.7.2. URBAN SQUALID
This is an unkempt and untidy environment. It is an area which all element of pollution such as air, water, noise, visual and other physical hazards are present.
This is an unpleasant area of eyesore. This phenomenon is synonymous with slum. Example can be found especially in the slum areas in Nigeria e.g. Maroko, Badiya in Lagos, Foko, Gege, Beere in Ibadan etc. (Omole 1995).
1.7.3 URBAN FRINGE
This can be referred to as an area outside the edge of urban centre. In some cases it shares boundary with some rural area.
1.6.4 URBAN SPRAWL
This is a formless dispersal congested urban area with or no regard fro the inter-relationship of such factor as; transportation employment, health and recreational needs.
Urban sprawl may be such as the growth of a metropolitan area through the process of scattered development of miscellaneous types of land use in isolated locations on the urban fringe, followed by the gradual filling of the intervening spaces with similar uses.
1.7.4 SUB-STANDARD HOUSING
These are houses that fall short of standards or house that are below standard. They are houses been built without compliance with building bye laws or planning regulation it is a feature of unplanned area like in the slum area where people think they can just put up a building to have something to live in without approval or consultation with the planning authorities (Omole, 1995).
1.7.5. GHETTO
The term ghetto is also used to mean a types of settlement in destructive from that of slums settlement nevertheless, this type may be circumstance grow to become a slummy settlement due to certain factors such as poverty, rapid population, lack of planning (organic area) and development control to mention but a few. The term ghetto is where member of minority resides or dwell in as a result of social or economic pressure, even a times their character are the same. Also it can be refers to a poor area of the city or part of city which is inhabited by many people of a particular nationality, colour, religion, class or characters (Omole 1995).
1.7.6 REDEVELOPMENT
Redevelopment consists of the removal of existing building and reuse of cleared land for the implementation of new projects (Miller 1959). This approach is applicable to area in which buildings are in serious deteriorated condition and have no preservation value or in which the arrangement of buildings are such that the area cannot provide satisfactory, living condition (miller, 1959).
1.7.7 REHABILITATION
Rehabilitation is applicable to areas where buildings are generally in structurally sound condition by have deteriorated because of neglected maintenance (miller, 1959). Rehabilitation is a sensible solution to the problem of neighbourhood regeneration.
1.7.8 URBAN RENEWAL
Tetley and Gross (1968) in their book Home Town and Traffic” defined urban renewal as implies the gradual reordering of the use of land and building to meet the present day requirement and estimated future developments and needs.
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