Download complete project materials on Design and Implementation of Transcript Management Systems from chapter one to five with references and abstract.
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
There were three fundamentally distinct education systems in Nigeria in 1990. The indigenous system, Quranic Schools and formal European-style education institutions. In the rural areas where the majority lived, children learned the skills of farming and other work, as well as the duties of adulthood from participation in the community; this process was often supplemented by age based schools in which groups of young boys were instructed in community responsibilities by mature men. By the 1970s, education experts were asking how the system could be integrated into the more formal schooling of the young, but the question remained unresolved by 1990.
The education system focused strongly on examinations. In 1916 Fredrick Lugard, first governor of the Unified Colony, set up a school inspectorate. Discipline, building and adequacy of teaching staff were to be inspected, but the most points given to a school’s performance went to the numbers and ranking of it’s examinations results. This stress on examination was still used in 1990 to judge educational results and to obtain qualification for jobs in government and the private sector.
As more information is made available in a variety of formats and media and in a variety of locations, the need to manage information/data efficiently becomes more and more critical. Both staff and public users want access to stored information and want to access it more efficiently.
It is the polytechnic policy to improve both the efficiency and effectiveness of result processing operations (student record/grades), and services through the implementation online student transcript management system.
1.1 Â BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Internet appeared in the mid-1990s and was perceived to be a vital component of the answer to the need for the integration of existing information systems into organizations. Despite the fact that there has been extensive research regarding implementation, development processes, policies, standardization versus creativity and so forth, the potentiality of internet and intranet technologies has not been fully exploited especially in the academia. One of such areas is the process of applying for academic transcript from a Nigerian institution.
According to Oxford University Website (OUW, 2012), A transcript is an official record from your current or former institution outlining the marks or grades you have achieved during study. Wikipedia (2013) defined an inventory of the courses taken and grades earned of a student alleged throughout a course. If a University does not issue official transcripts in English, it will be required that a student submitting a transcript provide both the original language version plus a certified translation (OUW, 2012).
An automated transcript is protected by security measures such as passwords, encryption, and firewalls, and thus can be accessed by authorized users through the intranet. Secure intranets are now the fastest-growing segment of the internet because they are less expensive to build and manage than private networks based on proprietary protocols (Agajo et al, 2010). Our work, nevertheless, is not about necessarily automating a transcript, but automating the process of applying and  obtains a transcript.
1.2 MOTIVATION FOR THE RESEARCH
The existing system is such that a graduate of an institution in need of academic transcript will have to travel to his alma mater in order to apply for it, Hence this research was able to track problem such as misplacement of student records, student’s grades, slow and strenuous accessibility to students report and record, inaccurate record keeping and poor information management within the schools. In federal polytechnic Ede for example, the process is as follows:
- The applicant goes to the polytechnic to confirm the payment procedure
- The applicant goes to a bursary in order to make payment.
- The applicant takes the receipt to the exams and records department of the polytechnic in order to obtain the application form after submitting an application letter
- The applicant completes the form and takes it to his former department in order for the transcript to be officially processed and forwarded to the requesting institution within few weeks.
The above listed processes is time consuming and too manual for an information age where all these processes can be captured as workflow within a computer system.
These now motivate me to support the polytechnic to proffer a remedy to the existing system; thereby:
- Develop an online transcript management system that can keep record and reports of students which can be easily retrieved with increased data security.
- To reduce the work rate of the school personnel.
- To provide reduction in the amount of resources, this in turn will lower the cost of processing of student’s transcripts, since information will be stored in a database with reduced data Redundancy.
- To provide reduction in bulkiness of files and record.
- To haste the time used in retrieval of student’s files.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE SYSTEM
The main aim of this project is to identify the problems inherent in the existing system of transcript management systems, and to proffer a remedy to the existing problem. Therefore the specific objectives of this project work include:
- To develop information system that will serve as an interface between ex-students and institution management to enable students to make request for their transcript online, as well as track their progress and receive them back through their respective email.
- Take a case study of federal polytechnic Ede.
1.4 SCOPE OF RESEARCH
This research work are limited to providing online transcript’s information management system that will handle electronically both students and staff record , to enable easy accessibility and information flow within the polytechnic.
The simple program in this project should be able to demand an applicant to apply from anywhere, even from the comfort of his home. The system should also be able to produce timely report on the entire applicant login and provide guarantee security of all the files and record on its database so that an unauthorized person will not access it.
1.42 Below shows how a user can interact with the system.
1.42 Use Case Diagram
1.5Â RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A research methodology is a structured method for effective project construction and management. This methodology has been adopted because of the nature of the work, which are iterations of analyze-design implement activities called builds. Each build is improved and functionality added until it becomes a new build.
Hence, to address the identified problems, as well as the deficiencies in the existing system, we employed the following methods to deliver the above stated aims and objectives.
- Interviewed stakeholders, including management staff and other staff of the federal polytechnic Ede.
- Surveyed and analyzed the different academic documents the institution presents to students.
- Reviewed best practice literature regarding information technology projects in government and private settings.
- Reviewed other student information collection and management methods and systems to gain in-depth understanding of what the system should be like; what it should do; and how it should perform.
- Collected a comprehensive registration data from the federal polytechnic Ede used for testing the system.
- Simulated a fictitious 2-year academic result scores for 20 students per session for Computer Science department (which we used as the test department).
- Design the user interface using Personal Home Page (PHP) language, and developing system database using Structured Query Language MYSQL server.
- Testing the system with sample data to ascertain functionality.
1.6 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE OF CHOICE FOR IMPLEMENTATION AND WHY THAT CHOICE
- Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML)
- Personal Home Page (PHP)
- Structure Query Language (MySQL).
Reasons why these choices of programming language were choosing are explained with the benefits they rendered to the society:
Clean Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) code provides the following four benefits:Â
- Website Accessibility- Validating your HTML code helps pinpoint potential roadblocks that could prevent search engine spiders or visitors from accessing your entire site.
- Faster loading- Removing unneeded code can help create smaller pages which intern helps your website load faster. Faster loading provides a better customer experience and can help with search engine rankings.
- Less load on servers- Clean code will not tax your server as much. This cuts down on the amount of Web space and bandwidth used and can reduce the cost of hosting your site.
- Browser Compatibility -Validated code ensures your site is compatible with current Web browsers, such as Internet Explorer(R) and Fire Fox(R).
Structure query language (MySQL) and personal home page (PHP) also rendered these benefits:
Current website development relies more on open source to handle forms and back end things. Whether it is an e commerce website or a portal, certain level of technical handling is there from server side.
Certain redirection, conditional surfing based on IP address of client, privilege approving and database integration all are done by a software bundle named LAMP. LAMP is a short notation of individual software such as Linux (OS), Apache HTTP server, MySQL (DBMS) and of course PHP.
Personal Home Page (PHP) has become one of the widely used open source software product for developing hundreds of sites ranging from simple to complex one like Word Press. The P of LAMP may be sometimes replaced by another scripting language such as Perl or Python.
Benefits of Structure Query Language (MySQL) include the followings:
- Very low licensing cost
- Low hardware consumption
- Execute anything from data houses holding terabytes of data
- Ultra-fast loading
- Table and Index partitioning
- Master/Slave replication with high speed reconfiguration utility
- Multi-version Transaction support
- Highly robust
- Efficient query engine
- Secure encryption decryption functions
- Open source freedom
Benefits of Personal Home Page(PHP) are:
- Easy to use
- Simplified task handling in heavy traffic sites
- Open source
- Secure
- Low cost
- Being open source new functionality have been added consistently
- Simple coding style
Highly functional to code simple to shopping cart projects
1.7Â ORGANIZATION OF WORK
The proposed project work will be arranged specifically in chapters, hence it follows the order: Chapter One: General Introduction, Chapter Two: Literature Review, Chapter Three: System Analysis, Chapter Four System Design, and System Implementation, Chapter five: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation.
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