Design and Construction of a Four (4) Burner Pressurized Kerosene Stove is a complete final year project you can download for your research work from chapter one to five with references and abstract
CHAPTER ONE
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
In developing country like Nigeria cooking energy account for a big part of the overall energy consumption and about 80% of this energy is used for cooking.
Fire wood is the general source of energy of cooking in Nigeria and this has led to the severe ecological problem of deforestation.
The incomplete combustion of carbon causes smoke to come out and the smoke has a negative effect on the environment and other living organism such as human being who uses them on daily basis by irritating the eyes, lungs and also causes air pollution.
The use of electric cookers and solar cookers is limited mostly to urban area because electricity is inadequately supplied to the rural area and also it is difficult to get someone in the rural area that can repair the solar cooker when it breakdown.
In our country (Nigeria)today kerosene is one of the cheapest cooking oil, and so it is reason enough to design and construct a four burners pressurized kerosene stove so that wood cutting and consumption will be reduced, deforestation controlled and to make the environment more conducive for all.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDIES
Extensive survey on kerosene stoves for developing countries, carried out at the world Eindhoven University of Technology, by the World Bank (World Bank, 1985).
The report revealed that most kerosene stoves in use have a rather low maximum power which in combination with the measured efficiencies, would result in unduly long cooking times when used for the preparation of the average quantities of food.
In April 1986 supplementary information was obtained which revealed the existence of the Thomas cup stove, a high power kerosene wick stove which appeared to be very popular in Indonesia.
It was against this background that the UNSO/NER project nr UNSO/NER/XO2/B studies the possibilities in Niger for substituting wood by alternative energy sources for the household sector. The project showed that kerosene was an interesting option.
For the first time in a Sahel country, kerosene stoves were successfully tired out at the family level (Madon, 1986).
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
From a technical point of view the stoves still have some important drawbacks.
- The maximum power is still quite low in comparism to the woodstoves and gas stoves, resulting in longer cooking times.
- At maximum power the stoves burn with yellow flames which soot the pan.
- It is difficult to adjust the fire which results in an unnecessarily high fuel consumption.
- Heat transfer to the marmite is very sensitive to wind.
- Wicks wear out very quickly.
- The fuel reservoir is insufficiently shielded from the heat generated in the burner. Consequently after sometime kerosene vapour escapes from the reservoir causing fire risks and loss of fuel.
- Fuel spills easily from the reservoir when the stove is accidentally tilted.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES
Following the UNSO/NER project it was decided to improve/re-design the existing pressurized kerosene stove to take care of the problems mentioned above. The main objectives of the project are:
- To develop a high power, low cost kerosene pressurized stove with the following performance characteristics:
- Maximum power > 4.0KW
- Minimum power < 0.7KW
- Thermal efficiency >50%
- Adapted to cooking habits in Nigeria (touo preparation: use of spherical pots) and low cost.
- To use the information obtained during the course of the work to recommend measures to adapt existing stoves such as single burner pressurized kerosene stove for cooking in Nigeria.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- Improvement of the single and double burner pressurized kerosene stove on:
- Thermal insulation of the kerosene reservoir to prevent evaporation.
- Protection against wind
- Lifetime of the burner, and
- Sturdiness stability of the stove.
- Re-designing the existing double burner pressurized stove in order to improve:
- The maximum power output:
- The minimum power output:
- The combustion quality: at maximum power output the stove burns with yellow flames, which blacken the pot and smell:
- Assess the possibilities for about 75-80% product (stove) efficiency.
1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION
The scope of this project is the design and construction of a four (4) burner pressurized kerosene stove in the mechanical engineering workshop, its area of application includes household cooking, big restaurants, eateries and schools, also the machine will be suitable for use in both rural and urban area.
It will be incorporated with larger cylinder and quality nozzles in order to increase the kerosene carrying capacity and improve the kerosene combustion efficiency respectively.
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