Download complete project materials on Construction of Solar Panel And Design Of Maximum Power Tracking Algorithm from chapter one to five
ABSTRACT
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Solar energy is the most readily available source of energy. It is non-polluting and maintenance free. To make best use of the solar PV system the output is maximized either by mechanically tracking the sun and orienting the panel in such a direction to receive the maximum solar irradiance or by electrically tracking the maximum power point under changing conditions.
Isolation and temperature the overall performance of solar cell varies with varying irradiance and temperature, which implies that with change in time of the day, the power received from the sun by the PV panel changes.
Therefore, this project work gives an idea about maximum power point tracking and how the solar cell performance changes with changes in the above mentioned conditions. The result obtained shows that variation of irradiance and temperature affect the performance of solar cell. It also shows that the maximum power that solar cell can deliver depends on the loads that is available for the solar cell.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Content
Title Page
Declaration
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of content
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Statement of Research
1.3 Justification
1.4 Aim
1.5 Objectives
1.6 Scope of The study
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Literature Review
2.2 Solar cells
2.3 MPPT Implementation
2.4 MPPT Algorithms
2.4.1 Perturb and Observer
2.4.2 Incremental Conductance
2.4.3 Current Sweep
2.4.4 Constant Voltage
2.4.5 Fuzzy Logic Control
2.4.6 Neural Network
2.5 Operation with Batteries
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Materials and Method
3.2 Photovoltaic Module I-V Curve
3.3 I-V Curve with Load Resistor
3.4 Effects of Solar Irradiance on MPP
3.5 Effect of Temperature on MPP
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS
4.0 Simulation Using Matlab/Simulink
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Discussion
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
Reference
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
One of the major concerns in the power sector is the day – to – day increase in power demand and the unavailability of resources to meet power demand using convectional energy resources (Eltawil and Zhao, 2010).
Demand has increased for renewable sources of energy to be utilized along with convectional systems to meet the energy demand (Olejamik, 2004).
Renewable resources like solar energy and wind energy are the prime energy resources which are being utilized in this regard (Dincer, 2011). The continuous use of fossil fuels has caused the fossil fuel deposit to be reduced and has drastically affected the environment depleting the biosphere and cumulatively adding to global warming (Abu-Khader, 2008).
The abundance of solar energy has made it possible to harvest and utilize it properly, therefore conversion of solar energy to electricity not only improves generation of electricity but also reduces pollution due to fossil fuels (Taghvaee, Radzi, Mossavian, Hashim, and Marhaban,2003). The output power of solar panel depends on irradiance, temperature and the load impedance, as the load impedance depends on application, a DC to DC converter (MPPT) is used for improving the performance of solar panel (Hohm and Ropp, 2003).
MPPT algorithms are necessary because photovoltaic arrays have a non-linear voltage-current characteristics with a unique point where the power produced is maximum (Femia, Petrone, Spagnuolo and Vitelli, 2005).
This point depends on the temperature of the panels and the irradiance conditions. Both conditions change during the day and are also different depending on the season of the year. Furthermore, irradiance can change rapidly due to change in atmospheric conditions such as clouds. It is very important to track the MPP accurately under all possible conditions so that the maximum available power can always be obtained (Mousazadeh, 2009).
In general, there is a unique point on the I-V or P-V characteristics, called maximum power point (MPP), at which the entire PV system (array, converter, etc) operates with maximum efficiency and produces its maximum output power. Therefore, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are needed to maintain the PV array’s operating point at its MPP.
1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH
There are various types of MPPT algorithm, such as the perturb and observe, incremental conductance, fuzzy logic, neural network etc. they differ in many aspects such as complexity, sensors required, cost or efficiency. However, attainment of maximum power point can be affected by some factors e.g irradiance and temperature hence this study shows how irradiance and temperature affect mppt.
1.3 JUSTIFICATION
This study is about maximum power tracking algorithms; solar cells have a complex relationship between temperature and total resistance that produces a non-linear output efficiency which can be analyzed based on the I-V curve. Therefore, it is the purpose of MPPT technique to sample the output of the cells and apply the proper resistance (load) to obtain maximum power for any given environmental conditions (Surawdhaniwar and Retesh, 2012).
1.4 AIM
To design a maximum power tracking algorithm and simulate it with a Matlab/Simulink code
to determine the maximum power point of the solar panel used. This will be used to optimize the efficiency of the solar panel.
1.5 OBJECTIVES
To construct solar panel
To identify the point that gives the highest efficiency using Matlab simulations.
To compare the maximum power output of solar cells at different Irradiance and temperatures.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this work is to study the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and the maximum power point of solar cells. Matlab 2014a will be used to simulate these characteristics at the different solar irradiance and temperatures.
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