Download complete project materials on Construction of Solar Charging Hand Bag
ABSTRACT
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The backpack would store energy from solar cell placed on its exterior, which could then be used to charge electronic device such as cell phone or ipod. It is always frustrating when one cannot contact friends because of a dead phone and there is no place nearby to charge it. This problem could easily be solved by making this portable station.
Moreover, this project is one way to apply green technology to an everyday problem. It was incorrect to assume that solar energy can only be generated through giant panels. But research has proven that energy can also be captured through small solar cell that can fit in the palm.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Cover page
Title page
Declaration
Approval
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
1.0Â Â Â Â Introduction
1.1Â Â Â Â Scope of study
1.2Â Â Â Â Problem of study
1.3Â Â Â Â Significance of study
1.4Â Â Â Â Aim
CHAPTER TWO
2.0Â Â Â Â Literature Review
2.1Â Â Â Â Theory
2.1.1Â Physics equations on circuits
2.1.2Â Scientific explanation of project
2.2Â Â Â Â Capacitors
2.3Â Â Â Â Recharged Batteries
CHAPTER THREE
3.0Â Â Â Â Method & Material
3.1Â Â Â Â Material Used during this experiment
3.2Â Â Â Â Method
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0Â Â Â Â Tests and Results
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0Â Â Â Â Discussion, Recommendation and Conclusion
5.1Â Â Â Â Discussion
5.2Â Â Â Â Conclusion
5.3Â Â Â Â Recommendation
References
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Energy is used to power complicated machine in human society and cars, as well as everyday objects including cellphones and calculators. Most of the energy that powers society comes from fossil fuels, nonrenewable energy sources including coal and oil. Air pollution is also problematic. Poor air quality can lead to serious respiratory diseases and cancer.
There are some problems with the current, most widely-used solar cells. The common solar cells are extremely fragile, as they are covered by glass protectors, and expensive, as it costs a fair amount to produce that much silicon.
Thin-film solar cells are becoming more popular, as they are much thinner, more durable, and cheaper than regular solar cells. Unfortunately, thin-film solar cells do have a downside: they have approximately a 10% efficiency rate, whereas regular solar cells have on average a 20% efficiency rate. (Ray, 2007)
Most home with solar panels are owned by people of high socioeconomic status, who can make the large initial investment. Cheaper solar cells can make renewable energy sources more accessible to people of different socioeconomic backgrounds.
For instance, solar cellphones are popular among African farmers. Farmers can find out the latest market prices on crops, talk to buyers form the fields, and get weather forecasts form their solar cellphones. In addition, they don’t need to worry about running out of battery power. Developing countries such as many in Arica and Central America, don’t have electricity grids providing everyone with energy whenever they need it.
These people may have access to the technology, such as a cellphone or a television, but the country’s infrastructure isn’t strong or advanced enough to provide an electricity grid to power the device. A New York times article on mobile phones in Africa elucidates this problem.
The story discusses how Laban Rutagumirwa, a Ugandan banana farmers, is forced to charge his cellphone with a car battery in his dirt-floor home in the remote hills of western Uganda. If he had an inexpensive, portable charging station like the one in my project, he would be more successful in his job. This simple idea can have so many positive effects on others.
A solar cell converts solar energy into electrical energy. There are three steps a solar cell undergoes. First of all, the photons in the form of sunlight hit the solar cell, which is covered by the semiconductor silicon. When a photon hits a piece of silicon, one of the three things can occur depending on the energy in the photon: the photon reflects off the surface, the photon passes through the silicon, or the photon is absorbed by the silicon. (Jennifer, 2013).
Only a small percentage of the photons reflect off the surface, as the solar cells have an antireflective coating. The inefficiency of solar cells mainly comes from the other two options, accounting for 70% of the energy lost. Silicon has a band gap energy of about 1.1 eV, meaning that the photons must have at least that amount of energy to be absorbed. If the photon doesn’t have enough energy, it passes through the silicon. If the photon has more the band gap energy, the extra energy is lost. (Sarah, 2009).
If the photon is absorbed by the silicon, an electron is knocked loose form the silicon atom structure. This generates an electron-hole and a free electron that can move within the solar cell. An electron-hone is a missing covalent bond on an atom that used to connect an electron to the atom. The bonded electrons of neighboring atoms shift to fill the electron-hole, thus creating another electron-hole in a different section. In this sense, the electron-hole is moving through the solar cell. (Bellis, 2011).
Simultaneously, the electrons are moving within the network of silicon atoms in the solar cell. However, due to the two different layers of silicon in the solar cells, the electrons can only move in one direction. There are two different types of silicon atoms, N-type and P-type silicon. N-type silicon is impure silicon doped with phosphorus, causing it to have more free electrons. As a result, N-type silicon is a better conductor than pure silicon. P-type silicon is impure silicon doped with the element boron, causing it to have more free openings to hold electron. (Smith, 2007).
Working Principle Of Solar Cell Phone
When N-type silicon and P-type silicon interact, the free electrons from the N-type silicon rush to fill the free electron-holes in the P-type silicon. However, not all of the free electrons fill the electron-holes in the P-type silicon. Some of the free electrons from a barrier at the junction, the space between the N-type and P-type silicon. This barrier creates an electric field, which is a diode that allows electrons to flow from the P-type silicon to the N-type silicon, but not the other way around. Since the electrons are moving from the P-type silicon to the N-type silicon, the electron-hole moves in the opposite direction. Â Â Â
1.1 Scope of Study
In this context, solar cells are very relevant, as they could replace coal and oil and become the world’s main energy source. Solar power is the best developed modern energy technology so far. Energy form the sun is free and plentiful. More than 6,000 times the total amount of energy used by the entire planet in a whole year reaches the earth in one day.
1.2Â Problem of Study
This is a problem because fossil fuels supplies are constantly decreasing in the world, and soon there won’t be anything left to convert to energy. Moreover, the use of fossil fuels causes large carbon emission, which increases the effects of global warming and pollutes the air. Global warming is a serious issue; the polar ice caps on earth are melting, and there is an increased probability of intense droughts and heat waves
1.3Â Significant of Study
 Luckily, there is an alternative method for generating energy: renewable energy sources, such as the sun, wind, tides, and geothermal activity. Granted, the initial cost of renewable energy systems can be expensive. However, renewable energy has no environmental or health effects. (Jennifer, 2013).
1.4 Aim
To determine the effecting of solar charging hand bag
Objectives
To determine the working principle of solar charging hand bag
To determine the durability and effency of solar charging hand bag
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