Download complete project materials on The Card Readers and Election Credibility in Nigeria from chapter one to five with references and abstract
ABSTRACT
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The use of card reader in the Anambra State Gubernatorial Election was a critical component for ensuring free and fair election. However, it was first introduced during the 2015 Presidential election and had a public outcry as well as generated debates among party stakeholders before and after the election.
These were enough reasons to discourage INEC from introducing it but because of INEC confidence in the efficacy and efficiency of technological innovations in achieving quick results, coupled with its vision to transform the country’s electoral credibility from its old norms that was characterized by violence and electoral malpractice such as snatching of ballot box, falsification of figures, and multiplicity of ballot tomb-printing, INEC went ahead.
This study examines the efficiency, transparency, authenticity, and credibility of card reader on election credibility in Nigeria with reference to 2017 Anambra State Gubernatorial Election. This study adopts secondary source as methodology and it was observed that, the card reader helped to improve election credibility in Nigeria especially during the Anambra state gubernatorial election.
This study concludes that the card reader has now thrown up an entirely different phenomenon in Nigeria’s electoral system as it is the most reliable way of ensuring election credibility. The study recommends and advocates for the use of card readers for subsequent elections with improvement on challenges encountered, by detailing the merits and demerits as well as profer solutions in order to increase the quality of electioneering process with emphasis on the organization of elections.
RESEARCH FORMAT
Table of content
Title Page
Certificate Page
Approval Page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of problem/Research question
1.3 Objectives of the study
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Scope/limitation of the study
1.6 Literature Review
1.7 Theoretical Framework
1.8 Research Hypothesis
1.9 Research Methodology
1.10 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF CARD READER AND ELECTIONS IN ANAMBRA STATE
2.1 Background of elections in Anambra state
2.2 Introduction of the use of card reader in Anambra state gubernatorial election
2.3 Verification of permanent voters card and authentication of fingerprints in Anambra state gubernatorial election
CHAPTER THREE
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE USE OF CARD READER IN ANAMBRA STATE GUBERNATORIAL ELECTION
3.1 Concept of electoral malpractice
3.2 Causes of electoral malpractice
3.3 Electoral rigging in Anambra state gubernatorial election
CHAPTER FOUR
IMPLICATION OF THE USE OF CARD READER IN ANAMBRA STATE GUBERNATORIAL ELECTION
4.1 Political Implication
4.2 Socio-economic Implication
4.3 Security Implication
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
Bibliography
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Election as a form of opinion expression has been observed to be one of the principles of a democratic society for it is the major pillar through which leaders are selected and governance legitimation in liberal democracies actualised in liberal democracies. Constant and un-seizing effort for the reformation of the electoral process is an
imperative in all countries that are democratizing (Beetseh and Akpoo, 2015). Elections can be defined as a process where people Vote for preferred candidates or political parties as representatives in government (INEC MANUAL, 2017). A gubernatorial election is an election organised to elect a governor of a state.
For election to be actualized, an electoral system must exist to provide the electorate with opportunity and the right to make choice on representative and maintain contact with them.
Hence, for an electoral system to be democratic, it must provide for equal electorate and the freedom by that electorate to make a real and meaningful choice devoid of intimidation (Eminue, 2005).
And also, devoid of electoral malpractice. In order to have an election devoid of intimidation and malpractices, the board responsible for conducting free and fair election in Nigeria decided to introduce a card reader technology to enhance speedy and accurate electoral process.
Prior to the introduction of this technology (card reader) in Anambra state, there have been malpractices in the electoral process such as election rigging, not just any kind but the manipulation of results to favour a political party which has made many see election as a mirage or mere selection in the sense that electorate are left out of the system and the system operates in a way that suggest total disregard and misapplication of democratic ethos. The outcome seem to have always been manipulated in favor of candidates if the powerful few.
However, the election was said to be a huge success because it was believed to be the most credible election ever held in the history of Anambra state. According to the resident electoral office Dr. Orji Nwachukwu (Punch 2017), the election provided a basics for for democratic accountability and there are kind of things you look out for to describe an election, not only the success of counting votes and announcing result but a credible election devoid of violence.
The researcher intends to find out if the card reader actually made the election credible or if there were some other factors apart from the card reader which made the 2017 Anambra state gubernatorial election credible. The card reader faced difficulties or challenges in its application which opposed it’s usage and also, it faced the challenge of it’s constitutionality in the election.
The card reader is a technological device use for the authentication of fingerprints and verification of voters card on election day. This is to ensure credible, transparent, free and fair election and further deepen electoral democracy. After the election, the card reader was commendable as it helped reduce special fraud like multiple registration and multiple voting but then, it was opposed in some part of Anambra state due to challenges faced in its usage.
The researcher’s work intends also, to inquire the challenges faced in the use of card reader in the 2017 Anambra state gubernatorial election, the way forward for future elections as regards the use of card reader and also the impact of the card reader in the election with the view to ensure election credibility using the card reader in forth coming election in the state and country at large.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Mostly, gubernatorial elections in Anambra State are usually attracted by violence which is as a result of electoral malpractices experienced during election. Credible elections has been a herculean task to Anambarians as the state gubernatorial elections in the past were done through the use of manual accreditation which created massive manipulation of election results by the ruling party and so called ‘godfathers’ , which leads to imposed leaders on the people and subsequently poor governance with little or no developmental efforts recorded.
It was against this backdrop that the Independent Electoral Commission (INEC) introduced the use of Card reader which was used in the 2017 Anambra State gubernatorial election which seem to have provided some credibility of election credibility in Anambra State using the 2017 Gubernatorial election as case study.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- What is the attributes and credibility level of the 2017 Anambra State Gubernatorial Election ?
- To what extent is the use of card reader a factor in the credibility level of the 2017 gubernatorial election in Anambra State??
- What are the implications of the Card Reader in the 2017 Anambra State gubernatorial election ?
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objective of the study is to examine the effect of Card Reader on election credibility in 2017 Anambra State gubernatorial election . Therefore, this study hopes to achieve the following objectives:
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