Automated Traffic Control System

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from chapter one to five with reference
CHAPTER ONE

                    1.0 INTRODUCTION

Road traffic can be defined as the movement of people and vehicles along the road and street. Computerized Road Traffic control system and management is a complete integration of information and communications technology with transport infrastructure which is designed specifically for road users to provide an orderly movement or stoppage of vehicles or people on each road.

The traffic signal system is probably the most important kind of transportation facility in operation today, considering the perspectives of both safety and efficiency.

Two-third of all miles driven each year in Nigeria is on roadways controlled by traffic signals. In some urban areas, signals at busy intersections control the movement of more than 50,000 users per day. The signal system also has a great impact on energy and environment. The more time a vehicle stops, the larger the level of pollutant that it emit and twenty percent of the oil used by automobiles traveling along urban arterials is consumed while waiting at a red light at a signalized intersection.

A traffic signals system at its core has two major tasks: firstly control and coordination to ensure that traffic moves as smoothly and safely as possible and secondly, that pedestrians are protected when they cross the roads. The first task relates to efficiency and capacity while the second relates to safety. Both tasks are performed by first clearly defining which group of users has the right of way at a given time and second by determining how long the group has the right of the way.

Furthermore, it can be defined as the organized set of ideas or theory that controls the traffic light with the aid of diode signals. The system makes use of traffic light which is a signal that controls the traffic on a road of many junctions by means of Red, Orange and  Green light indicators that shows when to Stop, Get Ready and to GO Respectively.

                      1.1   BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The background of the study serves as our case study which is the NEPA Roundabout; the NEPA Roundabout is situated within Kaduna Metropolis in Kaduna North Local Government of Kaduna state. It is a very important Junction of Kaduna main city which connects different areas of the state. From the direction of the North is Kawo area, from the South direction is the Abubakar Mahmud Gumi Central market of the state. The market is the biggest market in the state. The East direction of the junction route is the Muhammadu Buhari way which connect to Kaduna main assembly square which popularly known as Murtala Mohammed square. While the West direction route leads to Kaduna State Government House which is officially called Sir Kashim Ibrahim House.

Therefore, the NEPA Roundabout is a very strategic and important Junction in the state with a high level of traffic and an estimated number of 20,000 vehicles plying the road per day.

                   1.2 MOTIVATION

Our motivation in writing the case study of this particular project NEPA roundabout Kaduna; Kaduna State, which happens to be one of the busiest traffic areas in the town, is, the amount of time been wasted on this particular road which has become a source of problem to the government in Nigeria and her citizens. The Nigerian government is no longer capable of effectively handling the situation of the road traffic control management. The traffic control system is a system that uses light controller mechanism in an organized way to perform a varying number of functions.

The traffic control will be implemented using logical gates, which serves as block of hardware to provide logical function. Also a timer that produces light signals for either movement or stoppage of vehicles via the light emitting diode will be implemented. However, it is hoped that at the end of this work and its implantation, some of the inhibiting problem of the traffic control like: waste of time, unavoidable road accident, traffic congestion and other factors will be reduce

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