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ABSTRACT
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In this research work, heavy metals such as lead (Pb) cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn) were analyzed in poultry feed, samples (Top, vital, and animal care feed) dry ashing technique was employed . The trace metals were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Content were determine with atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
(AAS. It was fund that animal care had the highest mean concentration of lead (2.5mg/kg), top feed and vital had the mean concentration of zinc (1.2 mg/kg), top feed had the highest concentration of cadmium of (0.7mg/kg) and vital had highest concentration of nickel which is (6.9mg/kg).
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Declaration
Approval
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
List of table
CHAPTER ONE
1.0Â Â Â Â Introduction
1.1Â Â Â Â Scope of the study
1.2Â Â Â Â Aims and objectives
CHAPTER TWO
2.0Â Â Â Â Literature Review
2.1Â Â Â Â Feeding of Chicken
2.2Â Â Â Â Mineral requirement for chicken
2.3Â Â Â Â Trace metals in poultry feeds
2.4Â Â Â Â Analysis of trace metals in poultry feed
CHAPTER THREE
3.0Â Â Â Â Methodology
3.1Â Â Â Â Materials and method
3.2Â Â Â Â Collection and preparation of samples
3.3Â Â Â Â Ashing of the sample
3.4Â Â Â Â Digestion of sample
3.5Â Â Â Â Instrument atomic absorption spectrophotometer
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0Â Â Â Â Result
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0Â Â Â Â Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1Â Â Â Â Discussion
5.2Â Â Â Â Conclusion
5.3Â Â Â Â Recommendation
Reference   Â
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Trace metals are metals when a density of at least five times than that of water. They are stable elements that cannot be metabolized by the body and get passed up in the food chain to human beings. These metals are potential environmental contaminants with capability of causing human health problems (Das C.B, 1990). The most common harmful trace metals are aluminium, zinc, and nickel.
There are many more existing trace metals that are not prevalent as harmful as the previously noted ones. Trace metals in general have no basic function in the air, drinking water and food. They are taken into the body by inhalation ingestion and skin absorption.
Poultry has been on earth for over 150 million years dating back to the original wild jungle fowls. Today we include ducks, geese, turkeys pheasants, pigeons, guinea fowl and chicken in the list of species under the general name poultry. Poultry provide human being with companionship, food and fibre in the form of meat, eggs and feathers. Many people love to raise poultry and other chicken species at fairs and other poultry shows. Others just love to raise them for backyard pets and for fresh eggs everyday.
Trace metals get into the poultry feed through improper production techniques. Human and natural activities. During the last decades, the increasing demand for poultry food and feed safety, has stimulated research relating to the risk associated with consumption of foods and feeds contaminated by aflatoxins and/or trace metals.
Certain elements such as iron, copper, manganese and zinc are essential for poultry and livestock. However, all mineral elements, whether considered to be essential or potentially toxic, can have adverse effect upon humans and animals. If in included in the diet at excessively high concentration (Okoye and Ibeto 1996).
Scope Of Study
The scope of this work is limited to the analysis of some trace metals in poultry feeds at weekly intervals dry ashing technique was applied and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) technique was employed in this work. Â Â
Aim And Objectives
Aim
To analyzed some trace metals such as Zn, Pb, Cd and Ni in poultry feeds.
Objectives
The obtained the concentration of heavy metal in different agricultural fecus such as the so as to compare and establish which has the highest concentration. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
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