An Investigation On The Effects Of Parental Care On The Academic Performance Of Primary School Pupils A Case Study Of Some Selected Primary Schools In Zaria Local Government Area Of Kaduna State project materials download
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ABSTRACT
The research is an investigation into the effects of parental care on the academic performance of primary school pupils: a case study of some selected schools in Zaria Local Government Area o Kaduna State.
Review of relevant literatures was done and the theoretical framework used for this research is that developed by Epstein (2005), which says that there are six factors with regards to parental involvement in a child’s learning, viz: parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision-making and collaborating with the community.Â
A descriptive research design was adopted for this research work and a total of two hundred (200) respondents participated, who were drawn using a random sampling technique across the various schools. A five-point likert-scale questionnaire was used for data collection. Frequency distribution table and simple percentage were used to analyze and interpret the data.
The result from the study reveals that good parental care help to reduce pressure on pupils from their academic environment and that academic performance of pupils improves with the care received from the parents.
Recommendations such as parents should always encourage their children by caring and giving attention to them and making them believe in the importance of education.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Declaration
Approval                                       Â
Dedication                                                                                                                    Â
Acknowledgment
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE
1.0Â Â Introduction
1.1Â Â Background of the study
1.2  Statement of the Problem         Â
1.3  Objectives of the Study              Â
1.4Â Â Research Questions
1.5Â Â Significance of the Study
1.6Â Â Scope of the Study
1.7Â Â Limitation of the Study
1.8Â Â Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO:
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.0Â Â Introduction
2.1Â Â Conceptual Framework
2.1.1Concept of Parental care
2.2Â Â Family Structure
2.2.1The Roles of Father and Mother in a Family
2.2.2The Impact of Family Structure and Parental on Children’s Academic Performance
2.3Â Parental Practices and School Achievements
2.4Â Â Consequences of Changes in Family Structure
2.5Â Â Effects of Family Size on Educational Attainment of Children
2.6Â Â Theoretical Review
2.7Â Â Empirical Review
CHAPTER THREE:
METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
3.1Â Research Design
3.2 Population of the Study              Â
3.3Â Sample and Sampling Technique
3.4Â Instrument for Data Collection
3.5 eliability and Validation of Research Instrument
3.6Â Procedure for Data Collection
3.7Â Procedure for Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
4.0Â Introduction
4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis
4.2Â Â Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE:
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1Â Summary
5.2Â Â Conclusion
5.3Â Recommendations
5.4  Suggestions for Further Studies              Â
References
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The role of a parent to a child at any given time cannot be over emphasized. The home is very germane and crucial to a child’s well being and development in later life.
Family is the primary cell of society where the child’s upbringing must begin since his birth, still in cradle. According to V. Hugo, the person’s principles established since childhood are like letters engraved in the bark of a young tree, which grow, enlarge with it making its integral part.
Millions of children around the world are growing up without one or both of their parents. Many more are at risk of separation, due to the impact of poverty, disability and such crises as natural disaster and armed conflict.
Children without parental care find themselves at a higher risk of discrimination, inadequate care, abuse and exploitation, and their well-being is often insufficiently monitored.
Inadequate care environments can impair children’s emotional and social development and leave them vulnerable to exploitation, sexual abuse and physical violence (Gadsden, 2003).
The effect of parent care on a child at any given time cannot be over emphasized. The home is very relevant and crucial to a child’s well being and development in later life. Family is the primary cell of society where the child’s upbringing must begin since his birth, still in cradle.
According to V. Hugo (2008), the person’s principles established since childhood are like letters engraved in the bark of a young tree, which grow, enlarge with it making its integral part. Therefore, right beginning makes the most important part of upbringing/education. Nobody ever said that children were easy to raise.
They don’t come with guidelines or instructions, and they certainly don’t come with a pause button. What they do come with is a crucial set of physical and emotional needs that must be met. Failure of the parents to meet these specific needs can have wide-ranging and long-lasting negative effects especially on academic performance.
Epistein, (2001). This is because parent in the home are children first teacher. As a child move from infant to toddler and then to a preschooler, he learns how to speak, listen, write and read which latter develop the child to achieve academically.
The influence of parents on children school achievement is well documented in numerous studies. Gadsden (2003) says greater parental involvement at early stage in children’s learning, positively affects the child’s school performance including higher academic performance.
Harderves (1998) review that family whose children are doing well in school exhibit the following characters:
- Establish a daily family routine by providing time and a quite place to study with the children and assigning responsibility for house hold chores.
- Monitor out-of-school activities, for example setting limits on television watching, reduce time of playing, monitor the groups of friends the pupils walk with.
- Encourage children’s development and progress in school; that is maintaining a worm and supportive home, showing interest in children’s progress at school, helping him or her with home work, discussing the value of a good education and future career with children.
Izzo(1999) studied 1205 US children from kindergarten through to grade 3 in a 3 year longitudinal research programme. Teachers rated four forms of involvement; provision of all the material needs of the child; frequency of parent-teacher contact; quality of parent teacher interaction;
participation in educational activities in the home; and participation in school activities. These factors, as well as parental care variables were examined to find any relationship they might have with academic performance of primary school pupils.
1.2Â STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Family support and the quality of parental care significantly predicted school adjustment in a sample of 159 young US adolescents (aged 10 –12) followed in a two year longitudinal study. At home parental care clearly and consistently has significant effects on pupil performance and adjustment which far outweigh other forms of achievement.
When a child has caring parent and families to support learning, children tend to succeed not just in school, but throughout life. In fact the most accurate predictor of a pupil’s performance in school is not income or social status, but the extent to which that pupil’s family is able to create a home environment that encourages learning and to express high expectations for their children’s future careers and become involve in their children’s education at schools and in the home.
However, the researcher seeks to investigate the effect of parental care on the academic performance of primary school pupils.
1.3Â OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The following are the objectives of this study:
- To examine the effect of parental care on the academic performance of primary school pupils.
- To examine the rudiments of parental care and the relationship between parental care and academic performance.
- To determine the factors that can influence the academic performance of primary school pupils.
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