Download Complete Project Materials on Influence of Different Nitrogen Sources on Growth and PHB Production of Bacterial Isolates from chapter one to five with abstract and references
ABSTRACT
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Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) are biodegradable materials, which are accumulated to store carbon and energy in various microorganisms.
Soil samples used for the study were collected from groundnut farm garden. The isolates were screened for PHB production using sudan III stain as well as submerged fermentation. Four (4) of the best PHB producing bacteria were selected for further study.
A total of twenty one (21) bacteria were isolated form the soil sample in which Bacillus sp had the highest percentage frequency of occurrence (54.5%). Follow in order by Enterococcus sp Β (13.63%), Veillonella sp Β (9.1%), Β Micrococcus sp. (4.5 %), Corynebacterium sp.(4.5%) Yersinia Pestis (4.5%), Lactobacillus fermenti (4.5%) and Citrobacter sp. (4.5%).
The fermentation pattern of PHB production was studied using Nitrogen source. NH4Cl was found to be the best nitrogen source (1.560a) for growth of PHB producing bacteria Β (Citrobacter sp) while maximum PHB production Β (1.899a) was observed in Citrobacter sp when KNO3 was used as nitrogen source.
The study carried out shown that nitrogen sources significantly influence the production of PHB .
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
1.0Β Β Introduction
1.1Β Β Aims and objectives
1.2Β Β Statement of problem
1.3Β Β Justification
CHAPTER TWO
2.0Β Β Literature review
CHAPTER THREE
3.0Β Β Materials and method
3.1Β Β Preparation of media
3.2Β Β Isolation of bacterial from soil samples
3.3Β Β Maintenance of culture
3.4Β Β Identification of bacterial isolates
3.4.1Β Morphological characterization
3.4.2Β Biochemical characterization
3.5Β Β Screening o isolate for PHB production using staining techniques.
3.6Β Β PHB production
3.7Β Β PHB extraction
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0Β Β Result and discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusion and appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is one of the polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) which has biodegradable and biocompatible properties. They are adopted in the biomedical field, in for example, medical implants and drug delivery carriers (Keshavarz and Roy, 2010).
Polyhydroxybutyrate was discovered and identified as a granular component in bacterial cells. PHB can grow in a wide variety of natural environment and is the reserve polymer (intracellular granules) found in many types of bacteria in nature e.g. in soil, sea water, sewage sludge or compost.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) can be classified into two groups depending on the number of carbon atoms in the monomer unit: short-chain-length. (SCL-PHA) 3-5 carbon atom containing monomer and medium chain-length (MCL-PHAs), 6-14 carbon atom containing monomers (Steinbuchel and Valentin, 1995).
The discovery of a polyester by Smet et al. (1983) was the first report of accumulation of medium-chain-length (MCl-PHAs), having constituents of 6-14 carbon atoms in axenic culture (Smet et al., 1983).
Currently, more than 140 hydroxyalkanoic acid have been identified as constituent of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) representing a versatile class of microbial polymer (Steinbuchel and Valentin, 1995). Besides linear and branched 3-4-,5- and 6-hydroxyalkanoates, various functionalized PHAs constituents such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) containing halogenated or aromatic side chains have been described (Abe et al., 1990).
The physical properties of the homopolymer of hydroxybutyrate (PHB) are similar to those of poly propylene, for example regarding melting point, crystallinity, glass transition temperatures etc, and represent a stiff and brittle material (Hocking and Marchessault, 1994).
The properties are improved in copolymers containing up to 25 mol% 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV), where toughness and flexibility are increased and the decrease in crystallinity and melting point advance the melt-processing of the polymer without being degraded(Marchessault and Yu, 2002).
Therefore, the poly (3HB-CO-3HV) copolymer gained industrial interest and in the late 1980s, commercialization under the trade name Biopol was initiated (Holmer et al., 1984).
Biopol can be processed to useful materials by various processes such, as extrusion, injection molding, fiber spinning, coating or foaming. Because of the versatile applications as thermoplastic biopolymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) can also be used for natural fiber composites or as binder in paints and for various application in medicine and pharmacy such as tissue engineering (Kessler et al., 1999)
Polyhydroxylbutyrate(PHB) is a commonly found substance and readily biodegradable are aerobically and anaerobically. Microbes can use polyhydroxylbutyrate (PHB) exists in the cytoplasmic fluid in the form of crystalline granule about 0.5ΞΌm in diameter.
Beta-hydroxybutyrate is connected by ester linkage and from polyhydroxybutyrate (Andreson and Dawes, 1990). This can be extracted from the cells as native granule or by solvent extraction (Doi and lee, 1990) and processed in the way as polypropylene.
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