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CHAPTER ONE
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1.0 Introduction
Background
Fish are aquatic vertebrates animal that are typically ectothermic (previously cold blooded), covered with scales, and equipped with two sets of paired fins. They make up the largest of the vertebrate group with over 20,000 species. Most taxonomist recognize 45 order and 435 families of sony fishes. They can be found in a great variety of habitats in lakes, streams, oceans and estuarine. (Helfman, 1997).
Tilapia genus of tropical fish belonging to the chichild family, the genus is though to have existed for about 24 million years (Albert, J.S., and W.G.R. Crampton. 2005). There are 14 species of tilapias, all native to tropical fresh of Africa, but some commercially imported species have been introduced and cultivated in Israel and in several Asian countries including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines(Abert, J.S., and W.S.R. Crampton. 2005).
Several species are popular aquarium fishes because of their interesting behaviour and attractive colouration, the larger species are important as a source of food and are cultivated extensively. Fish has a higher percentages of edible meat than beef. It has been suggested that fish instead of meat should be used as the protein sources several times a week because of he possible benefits of fish oils for coronary artery disease.
Fish is a high quality protein, fish and shell fish contain about 19% protein that is similar in amino acid composition to that found in muscle meats (Khaya, 1999).The content varies from 1 to 20% depending upon the species and season of year; fish also contain protein of high biological value, essential minerals, vitamins and fat. Fish is also a satisfactory source of magnesium, phosphorus, iron and copper. In Nigeria, fish comes from three major source, distant water fishing, inshore fishing and direct importation.
Justification
In aquatic environment, fish are in constant interaction with a wide range of pathogenic and non pathogenic bacterial (Subramanian, 2007). Microbes play an important role in affecting fish health. Fresh water or rivers and lakes have a complex flora of bacteria which include genuity aquatic species as well as component introduce from testerial animal and plant source (Adams, 1999).
Also during handling of the fish, the natural flora of the environment may be contaminated with organism associated with man such as members of the enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus which can grow well as at 30 – 370C (Miceal, 2007). It was for this purpose that the presence study was carried out to isolate and identify bacteria pathogen associated with fresh fish.
Aim and Objectives
1. To isolate bacteria species associated with fish
2. To identify the isolates.
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