Download the complete project materials on Determination Of Antibacterial Activity Of Ethanol Leaf Extract Of Thymus Vulgaris On Bacteria Isolated From Wounds
CHAPTER ONE
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 MEDICINAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THYMUS VULGARIS
Thyme [Thymus vulgaris] is a species of plant in the mint family Lamiaceae, native to southern Europe from the western Mediterranean to southern Italy (Panizzi et al., 1993). It has about 210 general and 350 species such as mint, rosemary, sage, savory, magoram, oregano and lavender of aromatic perennial herbs and low shrubs including many widely use culinary herbs.
During the last two decade Cowan (1999) discovered various medicinal plants to have been studied to their possible antimicrobial activity to discover new antibacterial agents capable of resolving problems such as the development of drug resistance in pathogenic microorganisms as well as the side effects of some present antibiotics.
Infectious diseases are the second leading cause of death worldwide (Aruakumar, S. 2009).Meanwhile Thyme species are commonly used as tonic, carminative, digestive and for the treatment of cold in Iranian traditional medicine.
The study of Katalinic, V., (2006) on Thymus vulgaris extract showed that it has strong antibacterial activities. Extract of Thymus vulgaris which were examined by (Szezepanik et al., 2006) have potential source of phenolic compounds and also showed antimicrobial infection (Aeschbach et al., 1994).
The analysis of extract obtained from the aerial parts of Thymus vulgaris revealed the main components to be carvacrol, thymol, a-terpineod and p- cymene abundantly distributed among the edible plants Aeschbach et al.,(1994) flavonoids seem to include some of the most potent next generation drugs for the treatment of infections since some of them possess unique antibacterial potency (Harbone A.J 2006).
Thyme is rich with minerals and vitamins that are essential for optimum health, its leaves are one of the richest sources of vitamins A and C in the form of pro- vitamin, and is extensively use in traditional medicine for a wide range of ailments in various countries (Cosentino et al., 1999).
The leaves have been used in Iraq as a folk remedy for the cure of numerous infectious disorders of bacteria, fungi and viral origin (Aeschbach et al.,1994 ).
1.1 THE STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS
Antibiotic resistance especially among bacterial strains greatly affects treatment of microbial infections, notable bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus spps Streptococcus spp and Escherichia coli has been shown to develop resistance to commonly used antibiotics (Sato et al2004) the fact that medicinal plants are promising in the treatment of disease due to their antimicrobial activity to certain micro-organisms such as those on wounds has lead to this research (Aruakumar et al., 2009).
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
Resistance of microorganisms to synthetic drug and cost of procurement and sometimes the negative side effects caused by these drugs is a matter of concern globally (Sato et al., 2004). Consequently, there is an increasing need for an alternative and natural form of drugs which will be cheap and readily available.
Thymus vulgaris leaves are use by traditional healers to cure wounds (Aruakumar et al., 2009). There is, therefore a need to carry out a scientific research to determine their anti microbial activities hence the need for this study.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this research is to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol leaf extract of Thymus vulgaris on bacteria isolated from wounds.
1.4 The specific objectives are:
To carry out the phytochemical screening of Thymus vulgaris leaves
To isolate and identify bacteria from wounds of patients attending some selected hospital in Kaduna south.
To carry out sensitivity test of Thymus vulgaris leave extract on the isolated bacteria.
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