Download complete project materials on Construct A Solar Tracking System Using Comparator
ABSTRACT
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The increasing demand for energy, the continous reduction in existing source of fossil fuels and the growing concern regarding environment pollution, have pushed maniand to explore new technologies for the production of electrical energy using clean, renewable sources, such as solar energy, wind energy etc. among the non-conventional, renewable energy sources, solar energy affords great potential for conversion into electric power to ensure an important part of the electrical energy needs of the planet.
This project deals with the design and construction of a solar tracker system dedicated to the PV conversion panels. The proposed single axis solar tracker device ensure the optimization of the conversion of solar energy into electric by properly orienting the PV panel in accordance with the real positions of the sun.
The operation of the experimental model of the device is base on a stepper motor intelligently control by a dedicated drive unit that move the PV panel according the signal received from two simple but efficient light sensors. In this project, mechanism of building an efficient solar tracking is achieved and the control strategy of the stepper motor. From this project it is found that the motor will move the solar array according to the light intensity of the sun.
TABLE OF CONTNET
Cover page
Title page
Declaration
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Scope of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Related Works on Solar Tracker
2.2 Present Research Work
2.3 Comparative Analysis
2.4 Areas of Application
2.4.1 Solar Tracking Application
2.5 Solar Panel
2.5.1 Need For Solar Panel
2.5.2 Description Of Solar Panel
2.5.3 Choice Of Element
2.5.4 Types Of Solar Panel
2.5.5 Working Principle Of Solar Panel
2.5.6. Effect Of Light Intensity On Efficiency Of Solar Panel
2.6 Merit And Demerit Of Solar Panel
2.6.1 Merit
2.6.2 Lack Of Pollution
2.6.3 Manufacturing And Installation
2.6.4 Portability
2.6.5 Transmission Cost
2.6.6 Cost Of Electricity Bill
2.7 Set Back
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and Methodology
3.1 Capacitor
3.2 Resistor
3.3 Diode
3.4 Transistor
3.5 Light Emitting Diode (LED)
3.6 Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs)
3.7 Comparator
3.8 Buffer Amplifier
3.9 Circuit operation principle
3.10 Operation Of Solar Tracker System
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Testing And Result
4.1 Testing
4.1.1 Testing of the Various Components
4.2 Result
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Solar energy is the energy provided by the sun. This energy is in form of solar radiations, which makes the production of solar electricity possible. Electricity can be produced directly from photovoltaic (PV) cells.
These cells are made from materials which exhibit the photovoltaic effect i.e when sunshine hits the PV cell, the photon of light excite the electrons in the cell and cause them to flow, generating electricity. Solar energy produces electricity when it is in demand during the day particularly hot days, when air conditioners in offices drive up electricity demand.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
For the proper absorption of the sunlight, the solar panels must be well placed at a position perpendicular to the sunray. The search of this appropriate positioning gave birth to the solar tracker. Solar panel receives maximum sunlight when it is directly facing the sun perpendicularly, but the direction of the sunlight is always changing due to the movement of the sun in the day i.e from east to west.
In order to generate solar power in an optimal fashion, solar panels that are used to capture sun’s rays need to be continuously repositioned based upon the movement of the sun. Solar panel tracking device is a type of equipment that hosts mounted photovoltaic panels, which use the sun to generate electricity. Stationary mounts, which hold these panels in a fixed position, can have their efficiency compromised when the sun passes to a less than optimal angle.
Compensating for this, solar trackers automatically move to “track” the progress of the sun across the sky, thereby maximizing the panels output. It is a fantastic system for energy output, but there are a few considerations to bear in mind before pursuing solar tracker.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The aim of the project is to construct a solar tracking system using comparator with the following objectives.
To explore a simple, cost effective, robust solution to adjust the solar panels using sensors, comparator and stepper motor.
To use photo transducer that collect light from three different positions on the solar panel.
To use the application comparator to take inputs from two sensors and decide in which direction the solar panel needs focus for maximum intensity.
1.4 Scope of the Study
The device functions well when the sun is visible on cloudy and rainy days. Tracking becomes difficult except if special device is incorporated to aid the tracker, this will likely affect the power output. Hence, the backup power bank needs to be in place to compensate for this fall in output.
1.5 Justification
Due to rise of using clean renewable sources such as solar energy, solar panel are used. Due to movement of sun in a day, the solar panel must be well placed at a position perpendicular to the sunray. This project is therefore carried out in order to search for appropriate tool that will help in appropriate positioning which is solar tracker.
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