Download complete project materials on Comparative Study Of Fastness Properties Of Vat Dye And Reactive Dye On Cotton Fabric
ABSTRACT
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The research work deal on the comparative study of fastness properties of vat dye and reactive dye on cotton fabric. The vat dye and reactive were analyzed and review on the various fastness for domestic and laundering using non phosphate incorporated detergent. Bleach activator, oxidative bleach response and accelerated methods on cotton fabrics. Vat dye and reactive dye were utilized in continuous dyeing of pure cotton, the comparative study reviewed that the shade matching be suitable substitutes of vat dyes.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
A dye or dyestuff according to Gardeep (1985) is usually a colored organic compound or mixture that may be used for impacting color to a substrate such as cloth, paper, plastic or leather in a reasonable permanent fixation.
Trotma (1975) started that, these is probably no dye which can be guaranteed not to alter shade under all conditions these are great variation in the fastness of different dyes in this as well be revealed with reactive and vat dyes in this project work.
Consumer satisfaction of a textile materials depends in part on how well it retains it original feel and appearance throughout its use. Color is one of the aspects of the textile appearance which is highly important to the consumers.
Consequently, research by dye stuff manufacturers have resulted in coloring agents that satisfy that aesthetic demands of consumers and provide lasting pleasure if the color is properly applied and the fabric carefully maintained. It is also importance to note that there are some dyestuffs that do not produce desirable colours when applied to some type of fibres. The dye must be an expert in dye technology to know what dye works with, what type of fibres and how durable they will be in end use.
1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
An aspect of fabrics which is always interest to the consumer is how fast the colours, this is because the beauty of a fabrics is of no value unless the dye is “fast” under the condition in which the fabric is to be used. No dye is however, absolutely fast under all condition of usage. The most suitable dye for a particular end use are those which will provide its required fastness at minimum cost colour fastness describes the resistant of the colour of dyed or printed textiles to various agencies to which they may be subjected to during processing and subsequent useful life.
No stuff dyed will make all textile fabrics satisfactorily. This means that one must choose a dye that will suit the material (or a material that will suit the dye). If you observe on or the other of these governing factor there is no reason why you should not obtain a satisfactory result.
Reactive dyes are mostly used in textile industries, for this reason, the fastness properties of reactive and vat dyes will be compared to ascertain which dye has better fastness properties over the other. This will enable the dyer to choose the appropriate dye for a particular fabric.
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To compare some of the fastness properties of reactive and vat dyes applied on a cotton fabric.
This research specially will consider the effect of different properties of the tow dye methods on cotton fabric and which of their colour fastness abilities will be best for cotton.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
Dyes are applied to textile materials in solution with auxiliaries for the purpose of increasing customer’s appeal and market ability of the product. It is a not all dyes that are good for cotton fabrics therefore reactive and vat dyes are chosen for these project.
The use dyes will give clear and better knowledge on the effectiveness of the end product considering the case of application cost and fastness properties of the dyes. The outcome of this project will assist the dyes and printer to selects the best dye for a particular purpose.
1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY
Dyeing is the process of mass colouration of textile materials, materials , which could be in loose forms, fibres stock ,yarn form piece good or garment form coloured fabric is required to maintain its colour for a very long time or maintenance its fastness properties.
These are various treatments that the fabric maybe subjected to during this project, which may affect the colour fastness. These treatment that the fabrics may be subjected to during this project, which may affect the colour fastness. These treatments are known as fastness prosperities such as rubbing, pressing, washing light and sun light fastness.
The apparatus in the laboratory of the Department of Textile Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna will be use in the course of this research.
1.6 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is to conduct and examined the fastness properties of each of the following two dyeing method and how this method can be used on cotton fabric. The fastness properties of the reactive dying method and vat dying will be compared so as to know which of their colour fastness properties will to be considered best for cotton.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Below are some list and explanation of basic terminated used in the process of textile colourations.
Enter: The putting-in of material into water
Work: The turning or removal from bath, of materials
Dyeing: The process of coloring textile material in which the whole material receive the coloration process in a liquor at the same times
Liquor: The solution of dye or chemical in which the textile material is entered for processing
Agitation: The physical turning and compressing treatment given to material in liquor
Padding: The continuous passage of fabric through a solution, through which it absorb some dissolved dyes or land other substances
Adsorption: The deposition of substance in a liquor onto the interior surface of fibrous materials
Absorption: The deposition of substance in a liquor onto the interior surface of fibrous materials
Diffusion: the movement of substance in a liquor in or out, through the material
Migration: movement of dye from one place to another within a fibres
Substantivity: The ability of dye in a liquor to be drown or attracted of fibre in the dye bath
Affinity: the ability of dye inside fibres to be held to the fibres by mutual attraction
Oxidation: to permit access of atmosphere oxygen or oxidizing agents to material treated with solution having reducing power.
PH Value: A numerical scale of the acidity or alkalinity of solution, determined by the amount of hydroxyl or hydrogen present in the solution
Fastness: The ability of dues to remain fixed in or onto textile material without being removed e.g washing, rubbing, pressing, sun light
Depth of Dyeing: The degree of colouration achieved due to in
Levelness: Degree of uniformity of colour spread on textile materials, which are coloured.
Fixing: Permanent attachment of dyes to materials
Compatible Dyes: Dyes that differ from each other, but can be used together in one dye bath to dye blended fabric or union fabrics without adverse effect e.g the use of disperse and reactive dyes in one bath to dye cotton polyester blend.
To Vat: To dip material in aid out of dye solutions.
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