Download complete project materials on Anti-Bacterial Screening Of Ocimum Graticimum (Scent Leaf) from chapter one to five
ABSTRACT
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Ocimum graticimum (Scent leaf) belongs to the family labiatae , the plant is considered as a multipurpose plant because it is both nutritional and medicinal and various parts of the plant have been used as folk lore medicine. The methanol leaf extract of this plant was phytochemically screened to determine various bioactive component present in the leaves which were saponnins, tannins, flavonoids, steroid, glycosides, and also alkaloids. The percentage yield of the extract was 17. And the extract was also tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extract showed growth inhibitory effect on all microorganisms tested.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Declaration
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
1.0Â Â Â introduction
1.1Â Â Â Ocimum graticimum (Scent leaf)
1.2Â Â Â Description
1.3Â Â Â Phytochemicals
1.4Â Â Â Justification
1.5Â Â Â Scope of study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0Â Â Â Literature review
2.2Â Â Â Boiactive chemical components of medicinal plant
2.2.1 Alkaloids
2.2.2 Tannins
2.2.3 Flavonoids
2.2.4 Steriod
2.2.5 Saponins
2.3Â Â Â Bacteria Isolate
2.3.1 Escherichia coli
2.3.2 E. coli Disease
2.3.2 Staphyloccus aureus
CHAPTER THREE
3.0Â Â Â Material and Method
3.1Â Â Â Sample collections
3.2Â Â Â Sample preparation
3.3Â Â Â Extraction of plants materials
3.4Â Â Â Phytochemicals screening
3.4.1 Test for alkaloids
3.4.2 Test for flavonoids
3.4.3 Test for glycoside
3.4.4 Test for steroids
3.4.5 Test for saponins
3.4.6 Test for tannins
3.5Â Â Â Anti-microbial screening
3.5.1 Collection of clinical isolates of bacteria
3.6Â Â Â Bioassay procedure
3.6.1 Preparation of culture media
3.6.2 Preparation of nutrient broth
3.6.3 Preparation of 24hours broth culture
3.6.4 Preparation of McFarland standard solution
3.6.5 Preparation of inocula by direct colony suspension method
3.6.6 Preparation of the inoculums
3.6.7 Preparation of the extract
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0Â Â Â Result
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0Â Â Â Discussion, Conclusion, and Recommendation
5.1Â Â Â Discussion
5.2Â Â Â Conclusion
5.3Â Â Â Recommendation
Reference
 CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1Ocimum graticimum (Scent Leaf)
The genus ocimum is a tropical and subtropical flowering tree in the family labiatae and distributed worldwide, The name labiatae is used for many of these trees. Many species of ocimum have bright yellow flowers and this may be the origin of the common name. However, the growth of the branches can resemble the shape of sea coral and this is an attentive source of the name. In horticulture, the name coral tree is used to refer to any red flowered member of the genus.
Not all species of ocimum have yellow flowers. Labiatae has extra ordinary variety in its flower colour, orange, salmon, queen and white; All have been found within natural populations. This striking colour polymorphism is likely unique in the genus.
There are numerous species in the genus Ocimum, some of them are well known as they are used widely in the tropic and subtropics as street and parks trees. Ocimum is the name given to one of the largest families in the plant world sometimes known as spurges. It includes around 300 genera and 7,500 species, and of these around 870 is regarded as succulent. (Charles and Davis, 2007).
The international Ocimum society is mostly concerned with the succulent genera: Ocimum graticimum, Ocimum basillicum. Many species have milky latex which exudes copiously when cut, and is more or less caustic. (international euphorbia, society 2006, butter, 2000).
The family (labiatae) contains a large variety of phytotoxics (toxics substances produced by plants) mainly diteipene esters Alkaloids, glycosides and resin type toxins a dull coloured sap or latex is a characteristic of the sub families, this milky sap poisonous in the innoauous in crotonoideae (Charles and  Davis, 2007).
1.2Â Â Â Â Description
The latex of the plant Ocimum graticimum (Scent Leaf) slitting the plant stem. It is milky white and readily soluble, lethal dosage for nail vectors of schistosomiasis has already been studied in laboratory bioassays. Some toxicological studies have been done. For other animals inhabiting breeding areas, as well as for human beings.
Test has been done in natural breeding ponds, demonstrating efficacy in the field. Three of the eight active ingredients (ingenols) in the latex have already been proven non carcinogenic, and one of the ingredient is 100 times more active than the synthetic product currently used as a molluscicide (Charles et al., 2000).
1.3 Phytochemicals
These are chemicals derived from plants. In narrow sense; the term is often used to describe the large number of secondary metabolic compounds found in plants. They serve to protect the plant from predators and other forms of attacks. They also exhibit a number of protective functions for human and other animals (Scoutfetzer, 2001).
Earlier phytochemical studies of various origins of Ocimum graticimum have reported the presence of various secondary metabolites such as saponins, steroids, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Terpenes, Tannins, Essential oil and resin (Edeoga and Eriata, 2001).
Plant Classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum:Â Magoliophyta
Class:Â Â Â Â Magnoliopsida
Order:Â Â Â Lamiatea
Family:Â Â Labiatae
Genus:Â Â Ocimum
Species: Ocimum graticimum.
Source: Dasgupta et al., (2004).
1.4 Justification
The choice of Ocimum Graticimum [Scent leaf], its leaves as the part of interest in this project work is based on its vast ethomedicinal uses among traditional medicine practitioners in nigeria. Therefore there is need for a scientific study to ascertain the medicinal potential of the leave of ocimum graticimum.
1.5 Scope of Study
This research works limited to the extraction of phytochemical and antibacterial screening of the leaves of Ocimum Graticimum (Scent Leaf) using maceration method, and the micro organisms used in this study are Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
AIM: This is aimed at screening Ocimum Graticimum (Scent leaf) for antibacterial activities specifically.
OBJECTIVE – To carry out extraction of Ocimum Graticimum leaves
-To screen for phytochemicals
– To carry out antibacterial potency of the leaves extract of Ocimum Graticimum (Scent leaf).
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