Download complete project materials from chapter one to five with references and abstract on The Role of Television Message in Reducing Maternal Mortality
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Title Page i
Approval Page. ii
Dedication. iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Contents. v
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction. 1
1.2 Statement of Research Problem.. 4
1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study. 5
1.4 Justification of the Study. 5
1.5 Significance of the Study. 6
1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study. 7
1.7 Definition of the Key Terms. 8
1.8 Organization of Chapters. 9
1.9 Methodology. 9
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 literature Review.. 10
2.2 Causes and Risk Factors of Maternal Mortality. 16
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction. 21
3.2 Population of the Study. 21
3.3 Sampling Technique/Sample Size. 22
3.2 Methodology of Data Collection. 23
3.3 Population of the Study. 24
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction. 25
4.2 Data Presentation and Analysis
4.3 Discussion of Findings. 41
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Introduction. 42
5.2 Conclusion. 43
5.3 Recommendation. 44
Reference. 50
Appendix. 54
ABSTRACT
The study – The Role of Television Message in Reducing Maternal Mortality (A case study of Sabon Gari Area of Kano state) is carried out to investigate the role of television programs in reducing maternal mortality. It also aimed to assess the level of awareness and knowledge, to examine how television messages have contributed to creating awareness, among others in Sabon Gari area of Kano state. Questionnaires were used as instrument of getting information, while the data were presented in frequency tables.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
Health is an integral part of human development. Due to the significance of health to the overall performance of every entity, the state of health (physical & psychological) of an individual determines the level of productivity (African Journal of reproductive health, 2012).
Reproductive is the hub around which women’s health revolves. Failure to provide information, services and conditions to help women protect their reproduction health therefore constitutes gender-based violence and violation of women’s rights to health and life, this is clearly capture in the submission of Fathalla:
“Women are not dying because of diseases we cannot treat… They are dying because societies have yet to make the decision that their lives are worth saving” (Fathalla, 1992:63).
A woman’s health is an issue that concerns everyone in the society. Perhaps, due to the roles they play as mothers, producers, home managers, nurturers and caregivers.
“Women have about thirty years of reproductive life” (Fathala, 1992: 608) within this period the number of mothers in Nigeria who die in the course of pregnancy and childbirth is unacceptably high. However, these roles need to be carried out effectively, without the fear of losing their lives in the course of discharging their expected duties as mothers.
Powerful advocacy for better health during pregnancy and childbirth has been ongoing since 1970s, with little to show for it. The number of women dying of pregnancy and childbirth related complications has almost halved in 20years, but levels are far removed from the Millennium Development Goals (MGDs) target.
However, Dr Margaret Chan, the Director-General WHO said, the global reduction in maternal death rates is encouraging. Countries where women are facing a high risk of death during pregnancy or childbirth are taking measures that are proving effective; they are training more midwives, and strengthening hospitals and health centers to assist pregnant women. (WHO, 2010 News Release)
In 2003, the World Health Organization and the Federal Ministry of Health of Nigeria reported that about 145 women die every day in Nigeria as a result of causes related to childbirth. From all indication, it is obvious that Nigeria still has extremely high maternal mortality ratio which serve as an indication of the state of health in Nigeria in general and a decline on the part of reproductive health in the country in particular.
Similarly, according to the WHO estimates (2005), 500,000 women die each year throughout the world from complications of pregnancy and childbirth. About 55,000 of these deaths occur in Nigeria. Nigeria, with only 2% of the world’s population therefore accounts for over 10% of the world’s maternal deaths (Okonofua, 2000).
In terms of absolute numbers, Nigeria ranks second globally to India on ratio of maternal deaths. The risk is 1 in 18 in Nigeria, compared to 1 in 61 for other developing countries, and I in 29,800 for Sweden (Nwosu, Odubanjo; & Osinusi, 2009: 14). These have clearly showed that we have lost too many women, and we must continue to employ all the strategies at our disposal to reverse the trend, it requires a holistic approach, part of which is communication, which is the concern of this study.
Also, the new estimates released by the United Nation (2012, report) shows that from 1990 to 2010, the annual number of maternal deaths dropped from more than 543,000 to 287,000 a decline of 47 per cent which stressed that greater progress is still needed in significantly reducing materials death (Daily Trust, Sep 11, 2012).
Maternal Mortality and, more broadly, reproductive health has been an important part of the activities of the national and international health organization. It has attracted heated debates from far and wide, traversing the developed and the developing countries with great indignation translate into a great loss of the women folk.
For the purpose of this study, I will be approaching the topic from communication perspective, looking at the level of women’s awareness and knowledge on maternal mortality and role of television messages in creating awareness and improve knowledge towards reducing maternal mortality in Nigeria and Kano State in particular.
1.2 Statement of Research Problem
“If reproductive health is not engender”, it is endangered…“(Onyeakazi, 2007).
Women, for both physiological and social reasons, are more vulnerable than men to reproductive health problems. It has been observed that the high level of maternal death occurring in both preventable and unpreventable death is a social problem affecting the world particularly developing countries in which Nigeria is not an exemption. Nigeria was ranked second globally next to India in the number of maladies surrounding maternal death (Okonofua, 2000).
Therefore, to reduce maternal mortality and improve other component of reproductive health such as family planning, elimination of harmful cultural practices and reduces child mortality among others; the role of mass media (television in particular)is very important in actualization of Millennium Development Goal 5. Undoubtedly, maternal. health is an issue of special concern to everyone either directly or indirectly.
1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study
The main aim of this study is to examine the role of television messages in reducing maternal mortality in Sabon — Gari Area of Kano State. However, the following are the objectives.
- To assess the level of awareness and knowledge on maternal mortality among women of reproductive age in Sabon-Gari Area of Kano State.
- To examine how television messages (Lafiya Uwar Jiki) has contribute to creating awareness and improve knowledge among women of reproductive age in Sabon-Gari Area of Kano State.
- To find-out sources of information on health related issues among women of reproductive age in Sabon-Gari Area of Kano State.
- To explore recommendations on methods that can prevent maternal death in Sabon-Gari Area of Kano State.
1.4 Justification of the Study
- The justification of the study is in addressing one of the challenging phenomenons that posed an immense threat to maternal mortality in kano state. The study is significant as it will capture the current influence, manifestation and effects of maternal mortality in Kano State.
- The study is also different from the other one conducted with similar theme. This is because, apart from updating the identified weakness of previous studies, it also set a direction of further studies, such as the role of television messages in reducing maternal mortality in Kano State.
- If the study is successfully completed, it will broaden the general conception of maternal mortality and gives some insight on the future of women in kano state and the presence of mortality, thereby contributing knowledge. This study will allow updates the existing knowledge, and set stage for further studies in dealing with problem of maternal mortality.
1.5 Significance of the Study
Due to the significance of health to the overall entity, this study is important and timely because it will provide an avenue for proper understanding of the relevance of mass media messages particularly television in reducing maternal mortality by providing information and sensitization necessary for creating awareness and improving knowledge and skills required for creating positive change in our society.
It will also contribute to the existing body of knowledge on the issues of maternal health which is one of the core goals of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG
Like every other academic research, it will serve as a .reference for further research in the field of mass communication and other researcher that may pick interest in the area of study.
Undoubtedly, it will improve the researcher’s knowledge on the relevance of mass media messages particularly television in reducing maternal mortality and how to improve health system in the country.
1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study
This research is restricted to Sabon-Gari area of Kano state; the time frame for the study covers a period of three month (October —December) which is the fourth quarter of the NTA programme schedule. The study is limited to awareness and knowledge of maternal mortality and practice of women of reproductive age on health related issues.
This study gives an introduction into the maternal mortality in Nigeria and focusing on Kano state in order to understand or know the nature of maternal mortality in the state. Furthermore, the study of maternal mortality is a national phenomenon but due to lack of funds, time and energy, I have to narrow the scope of the study to Kano State alone.
1.7 Definition of the Key Terms
Maternal: Relating to or characteristic of a mother or motherhood; motherly: maternal instinct.
Mortality: The quality or state of being a person or thing that is alive and therefore certain to die.
Maternal Mortality: The death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and the site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental or incidental causes.
WHO: World Health Organization
UNICEF: United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund
INCIDENTIAL: Incidental means secondary in time or importance. If you lose weight because you moved and must walk further to school, the weight loss was incidental to the move.
CHILD: A person between birth and full growth; a boy or girl: books for children.
BIRTH: The emergence and separation of offspring from the body of the mother.
1.8 Organization of Chapters
This is a five chapter project. The chapter one consists or deals with the introduction, statement of the problems, objectives of the research, justification for the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of key concepts and organization of the chapters.
The chapter two consists of the literature review, theoretical framework and research hypothesis, chapter three is all about the background of Kano state, rise of maternal mortality in the Kano State and the conduct its, chapter four is also about data presentation and analysis, and the research findings, while chapter five is all about the summary, conclusion and recommendation.
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