Preservation of Animal or Animal Parts for Long Term Purpose is a downloadable complete project materials from chapter one to five with references
CHAPTER ONE
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INTRODUCTION
Preservation is a process that serves to keep the dead body of an organism from decay in part or in whole presumably to be studied later (Suarez and Neil, 2004).
Both vertebrate and invertebrates can be preserved in fluid or dry. Conservation in fluid is used for fleshy parts, especially because its cheaper to maintain than cryogenic (freezing) technics.
The fluid used can be formaldehyde, 70% alcohol or other special fluids e.g special solutions that preserve the natural coloration of specimens which is lost when using the more common fluids (Hangag and Dingley, 1985).
Dry conservation may be used for invertebrate with hard exoskeleton (these are usually dried in special oven under the sun etc and pinned onto Styrofoam or similar boards in special entomological cases) or parts of vertebrates (skin bone)
after preparation (this requires removing all the soft tissues with special treatment of the skin and hairs/feathers/scales, clean and dry) (Hangay and Dingley, 1985).
Freezing an entire specimen or some of its parts will preserve the tissues for genetic molecular analyses, but it will also usually destroy the normal texture of the tissues, because cells ruptures under extreme cold. It require more space and of course a very good freezer (McAlpine, 1985).
The scientific description of an animal species requires the detailed examination and description of a representative type of specimens which are subsequently deposited, catalogued and maintained in a museum or zoological collection. This remain a reference for other workers to consult in future (Mark, 2000).
Specimen from any field collection should be deposited in a reference collection in an institution for the long term maintenance and access for the future.
The animals should therefore be preserved in the best possible condition and where possible, ensure that the natural colour is retained, their external appendages are erected and stomach contents intact (Mearns and Mearns, 1998).
Care is being taken to ensure that specimens are undamaged. Preservation should be kept individually as some species will damage each other and other animals, especially fish even when they are being directly preserved (Lydekker, 2001).
Specimen collected during an experiment are being killed immediately on site. Photography, if required should be conducted on the spot (Folcon et al, 2007).
Its not to crowd living animals in small contained. This will result in damage to their surfaces or appendages do not keep animals for preservation “Later” as it may die and pollute a containers, killing others.
Even leading to a distortion of morphological features and other damage. This reduces their values as scientific specimens which is the objective of collection in the first place. A well preserved specimen will generate more accurate information and is ultimately more humane.
A specimen immersed in a liquid preservation may not be totally infused with the liquid.
This may be noticeable when the specimen will not deposite being surrounded by a preservative in large volume animals, injection of the specimen with the preservative is required to reach the inner tissue (Palmer, 1999).
When using formalin as preservative do not use it for preserving arthropods, only vertebrates specimen are kept permanently in formalin since it is acidic and difficult to handle (Benton, 2005).
Although generally avoided for long term storage, formalin may be used in instances where is important since alcohol dissolves most colour almost immediately.
Concentrated or any other forms of formalin should be kept in sate, water tight, spill proof bootles, e.g. pep bottles securely cover all receptacles for formalin fumes can be very offensives smelling and can cause extreme discomfort to the nose and eye (Tsuji and muller, 2009).
Alcohol on the other hand is usually not used for killing and fixing vertebrate but it is used for most arthropods, insects, crustacesus and arachide can be simply dropped.
It is noted that the colour of a specimen is lost almost immediately once immersed in alcohol. Alcohol usually comes in the 95% concentrated form for long term preservation, it is usually diluted with water to 70 – 75% strength.
This is the lowest concentration at which preservation will be maintained during field collection. Ensure that solutions in use are not diluted by the water which comes with the sample (Brysse, 2008).
Aims And Objectives
To preserve animal or animal parts for long term purpose.
To determine the proportions of the preservatives that will best preserve the specimens.
To preserve the specimen for reference purpose in the laboratory.
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