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The study examines the causes of examination malpractice among office technology and management students in Kaduna polytechnic using four selected organization as a survey. The theoretical basis for the study was done through the review of related literature from textbooks, journals, periodic, conference papers and internet.
The entire population of 41 respondents comprising of the executives and office professionals in the organizations under study was used for the study in view of the small size involved. A set of questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. Data were analyzed using mean statistical tool of the Four Point Likert Scale.
The findings of the study revealed that examination leakage and impersonation is a form of examination malpractice, cheating and going into the examination hall with foreign materials, collusion such as passing notes, receiving and giving assistance to other candidates.
Thus, the study recommended among others that emphasis should be placed on the use of continuous assessment and provision for guidance and counselling services so also private organization should shift attentions to skills rather than certificates in order to ensure that students who pass will have to prove their result.
1.1 Background of the Study
Examination has been generally accepted as the best means of assessment. It is a formal test of knowledge or ability. Infact, in a school setting, examination is a means of evaluating the quantity of knowledge a student has acquired within a specific period of time. Adewale (2014) sees examination as an instrument used for the assessment of individual skills and knowledge-content, both in general and specific area of study.
Teaching and learning become more effective when the students are subjected to an examination process to determine the extent to which the students have assimilated the content of the instruction given and the teacher can also assess himself from the performance of the students.
In Nigeria, the educational system and other systems are in crisis ridden. Some recent researches have shown that the some students who gained admissions in tertiary institutions in Nigeria are products of examination malpractice (Emaikwu&Eba, 2007).
Unfortunately, this all important means of assessing students has become ineffective as all forms of malpractice has been introduced into the system. Omemu (2015) traced the history of examination malpractice in Nigeria to 1914. When there was a leakage of the Cambridge examination.
Cheating became widespread in schools hence in 1967, the Alexander Commission was set up as a special commission of inquiry to investigate the incidences of malpractice in Nigeria. In 1977, there was a widespread leakage of the West Africa School Certificate Examination questions.
Government took it as a challenge to address issues of examination malpractice. A special conference was held in that regard at Ibadan in 1986. Decrees were promulgated, schools were sanctioned, results cancelled and invigilators arrested all in a bid to curb malpractice.
The irony of it all is that despite the several attempts made by school authorities, government agencies, parents and church leaders in trying to sensitize the Nigerian students on the evils of examination malpractice, this menace is still in its increase in the various schools. There is the need to find out the causes of examination malpractice in Nigerian schools.
Examination malpractice thus can be described as a form of cheating and as an illegal practice that derails the purpose of examinations, hence, the need to identify the forms of the prevailing malpractice and their dynamics and taking the appropriate measures to curtail this menace. Some candidates may be relatively academically weak but still desire to go at the same pace in terms of studies with the relatively academically strong ones.
Other candidates know they are weak but because of laziness they will not want to study hard to pass, but prefer to take the risk of engaging in examination malpractice while others may be addicted to examination malpractice and have over the years been involved in examination malpractice (Achio, 2005).
Candidates are sometimes directly or indirectly aided to indulge in examination malpractice by their parents. This, therefore, implies that examination malpractice comes in different forms and there are different factors that contribute to examination malpractice.
Although candidates may achieve their set objectives of engaging themselves in examination malpractice, there are consequences to the candidate himself, the institution and above all, the nation whether the culprits are caught or not.
Some teachers get involved in examination malpractice because of the financial benefits accruing from such illegal transactions. Sometimes they go as far as asking the students to pay a certain amount so that they can assist them to pass examinations.
Often times, teachers find it difficult toreport cases of cheating for fear that students or their parents will confront them. In order to avoid this confrontation, some teachers always overlook incidents of academic dishonesty by students. At times, they may prefer to leave the examination hall for a while or read a newspaper when they are supposed to be supervising the learners. This encourages the learners to do whatever they like (Pulvers&Diekhoff, 2009).
In Office Technology and Management Department of Kaduna Polytechnic, hardly will any semester pass bye without a students been caught in examination malpractice. This Necessitate this research work in order to determine the causes of examination malpractice among
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The persistent occurrence of examination malpractice at all levels of the education system has been a major concern to the government and educationists. This is because it questions the validity and reliability of examinations and also the authenticity and the recognition of certificates issued thereafter.
The Nigerian Constitution of the 1999 has put up stringent measures to curb examination malpractice. However, despite all theseefforts little is known on the nature and causes of examination malpractice.
Studies has shown that parents as well as lecturers alike are not left behind in the issues of examination malpractice. It has also been observed that the possibility of involving in examination malpractice in the higher institution does not start there, rather it has its root from the primary and secondary school faces of the students life.Hence, the need for the study to examines the causes of examination malpractice among office technology and management students in Kaduna polytechnic.
1.3Purpose of the Study
The main objective of the study is to determine the causes of examination malpractice among office technology and management students in Kaduna Polytechnic. Specifically, the objectives include to:
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