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ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to examine the cause and effect of work pressure among married female professionals in selected organization in Kaduna metropolis. Four research questions were raised to address its objectives. The theoretical basis for the study was obtained through the review of related literature such as textbooks, journals, conference paper and internet facilities.
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The population of the study is 68 and all was used as sample size due to its small size. The instrument used for the collection of data was questionnaire. 62 copies of questionnaires were dully filled and returned. The number was used for the analysis using mean statistical distribution table of Four Point Scale. Based on the findings, the researcher concluded among others that the causes of work pressure to married female office professionals are lack of control, work overload, working relationship and lack of job security, the effect of which leads to lose of willingness and interest to work and reduction of effectiveness.
Thus, the study recommends that Management of organizations as well as the office professionals should work hand in hand to eliminate those factors that lead to work pressure such as work overload and lack of job security among others.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1Â Â Â Â Background of the Study
Work pressure or stress at work is a common experience among office professionals. It is vital therefore that employee give these issues the attention they deserve. Work pressure can affect employees negatively in relation to their health. This can also affect their productivity especially the quality of the work produced among others (Arbeid, 2015).
The causes of work pressure and stress may lie in the work itself, in the employee’s private circumstances, or in a combination of both. Whatever the reason, the problem affects employee performance (Canadian Association of Professiona lEmployee, 2012). In many cases, the solution lies in a package of measures targeting both the company and the individual.
Work pressure and stress are often used interchangeably. It is simply what we feel when we have to respond to a demand on our energy (Bickford, 2005). Increasingly the work pressure level is changing rapidly among the female office professionals due to a set of various reasons. Employees experience and feel stressed continuously and therefore the reactions of work pressure at the workplace are not a separate aspect (Fairbrother, & Warn, as Cited in Nagaraju andNandini, 2013).
Work pressure is also increasing due to external factors such as technological advancement and changes in the economy of a country. Work pressure is also bound to occur in multinational companies where operation is global and employees have different cultural backgrounds. Work pressure has become even a greater problem because of job restructure, globalization and more demand on the task at hand (Tennant, 2010). This might lead to higher job insecurity which would make employees feel stressed and distressed.
According to American Society of Administrative Professionals (2012) an office professionalis a person whose work consists of supporting management including executives, using a variety of project management, communication and organisational skills, computer skills etc. It further explains that an office professionals is just like an assistant to the manager of an organization.
Office professional functions play an invaluable and essential role in achieving efficiency productivity in an organizational administration and management. This is because; office professionals are versed in the art, office administration and management procedures (Adams, 2009).
Office professionals comprises of both gender (male and female). These female may be single or married. However, The Kenexa Research Institute released a global survey of almost 30,000 workers which showed that married females suffered more workplace pressure than their male counterparts.
According to the survey, women’s pressure level were 10% higher for those in supervisory positions, 8% higher pressure in service and production jobs than men, and 6% higher in middle and upper management than men in the same position (Nagaraju and Nandini, 2013).
Married female office professionals are often stressed up by different stressors such as family life which encompasses taking care of their children, husband, house work, surrounding and societal obligations (Swati and Vinay,2010).
Couple with the pressure that arises from day to day office activities therefore work pressure is an inevitable phenomenon to a married female office professional. Based on the foregoing this study seek to determine the cause and effect of work pressure among married female office professionals in selected organizations in Kaduna metropolis.
1.2Â Â Â Â Statement of the Problems
Although work is sometimes enjoyable. Work pressure or stress is inevitable in most cases, so everyone deals with pressure differently. Every organization goal is depending on the employee’s performance. Studies have shown that too much stress affects health, less job satisfaction, less productivity and failure to meet targets. Some employees work poorly under pressureand this negatively impacts their organization.
Observations has been made that there is more work pressure on married female office professionals than their other counterparts who are not married or male office professional. Studies have shown that some employers and employees including the married female office professionals are not aware of the factors that causes work pressure for them.
It has also been observed that work pressure can be identify with some symptoms and which in turn has effect married female office professionals’ performance in the workplace as compared to their counterpart. Therefore, this study is undertaken in order to identify these problems and their possible solutions.
1.3Â Â Â Â Objectives of the Study
The major purpose of this research work is to identify the causes and effect of work pressure among married female office professionals. However, the specific objectives include to:
1. Identify the forms of work pressure are experienced by office professionals.
2. Determine the factors that generate work pressure on married female office professionals.
3. Examine the effect of work pressure on the performance of married female office professionals.
4. Ascertain theways necessary to minimize the effect of work pressure among married female office professionals.
1.4Â Â Â Â Research Questions
In order to be able to achieve the objectives of this study, the following research questions are put forward:
1. What forms of work pressure are experienced by office professionals?
2. What factors generate work pressure on married female office professionals?
3. What is the effect of work pressure on the performance of married female office professionals?
4. What ways are necessary to minimize the effect of work pressure among married female office professionals?
1.5Â Â Â Â Significance of the Study
By the end of this research work, it is hoped that it will be of benefits to the following persons:
1. Married office Professionals: This study will benefits married office professionals as the causes and effect of work pressure and the ways to manage it shall be discussed in this course of this study.
2. Employers: This study will enlighten the employers of labour in changing their perception towards employing married female employees.
3. Management of Organization: The study will also help the management of organizations to understand the effect of work pressure on the married female office professionals and how they can help to reduce it.
4. Students/Future Researchers: This work will also serve as a references materials to researchers who have related topics to research on.
1.6Â Â Â Â Scope of the Study
The study was conducted to determine the causes and effect of work pressure on married female office professionals.
Topics such as the definition of work pressure, definition of office professionals, factors that causes work pressure to married female office professionals, effect of work pressure on married female office professionals’ performance, symptoms of work pressure among married female office professionals and how work pressure can be managed among married female office professionals.
This study was conducted in four organizations in Kaduna metropolis namely: Ministry of Women Affair, Guaranty Trust Bank, Murtala Square, Mobile Telecommunication Network (MTN) and Central Bank of Nigeria.
1.7Â Â Â Â Limitations of the Study
The limitations of this research work arise from the uncooperative attitude of respondents as well as their non-nonchalant attitude. This affected the validity of their response.
Paucity of data constitutes a constraint as most respondents encountered in the cause of this research work may not give accurate data that might have enhanced the study.
Among the challenges faced include the fact that most materials used in the course of this study are written by foreign authors which may not be effective in third world countries like Nigeria.
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