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CHAPTER ONE
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INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY
1.1 Background to the Study
The role of student leaders in tertiary institutions has historically been limited to on-campus students’ government and extra-curricular programs. However, as campuses became more inclusive of the students voice, a number of state expanded civic opportunities to include them at state-level and governing and coordination of leadership positions.
One of the early philosophical works in the establishment of the training of the leaders and in preparation for services to the community (Brubacher & Rady, 1997). The country’s college and universities serves as the receptacle of its future leaders.
One needs only to look to higher education to investigate the current state of leadership skills among college students, the concept of leadership and educational goals of leadership have been given very little attention by most of our institutions of higher learning. Currently, there exist a gap between expectation skilled leaders and comprehensive programs to train and develop leadership skills among students at the college level.
Preparing Students for civil responsibility has become a cornerstone of higher leadership development through political education by providing college students with the opportunities of the public services learning. Through these learning models students grow and expand their rote within an organization vision, build confidence and motivation to lead, and formulate a broader organization vision, thus transforming themselves into change agents (Osteen, 2011).
The need for effective leadership skill permeates many institutions such as government, business and industry, social services education, community-based programs, and religious organizations. As a society, we place loyalty expectation on our leaders through political education.
Students must move through the levels in order, and they must have understanding of politics at each level. The progress through these levels is very dependent on the type of political education, so there must be provision for appropriate activities at level. Many hands-on activities can be provided for students at all levels, particularly higher levels.
Avolio, Walumba and Webber (2009), reported that training leaders is complex and often very difficult. The range of skill required for effective leadership has risen. Leaders in contemporary society must competently collaborate with others, manage emotions and lead with transparency. Engendering these sophisticated skills could be challenging, as many students continue to espouse outdated beliefs about leadership.
It is crucial to develop methods that help students to understand and acquire the skills they will need as leaders in contemporary society. The Multi-Institutional Study of Leadership (MSL) included a series of national studies of on-campus leadership development and highlighted the significant degree to which participation is structured political education programs predicted better scores on leadership efficacy and practice.
However, it is indispensable to note that in every type of leadership, a leader must be able to unite people in pursuance of a goal, and leadership is a matter of degree. A leader must possess some qualities such as intelligence, common sense, self-confidence, courage and professional status. Also in any leadership where all these qualities are lacking, leadership change will occur.
Researchers have drawn a distinction between two types of politics in schools. The term micro-politics refers to the use of formal and informal power by individuals and groups to achieve their goals in organizations.
Co-operative and conflictive process are integral components of micro-politics. Macro-politics refers to how power is used and decision making is conducted at local, state and federal levels. Macro-politics is generally considered to exist outside of the school, but researchers have noted that micro and macro-politics may exist at any level of school systems depending on circumstance.
In recent time, the role of students in higher institution has significantly increased, expanding extract curricular activities from traditional students, position to institutional level segment committee such as the students’ union government.
The expansion of the students’ role in higher education government has caused a transformation on how states (i.e. government) view tertiary institutions. And this is being done through political education.
Statement Of Problems
This research would investigate the lack of students’ interest in the political activities and participation of their movement especially now that the unionism is not more compulsory as before when everybody must effectively participate.
Recently, the students are only interested in social club activities and local government/state meeting for bursaries, which tend to drain off and separate them far from the political realities of the society.
The study is designed to investigate into political education and students’ leadership and the role of the school (universities and colleges).
The crisis identified in the student leadership in our campuses reveals that the causes of the problem was as result of lack of political education among the students’ in the higher institutions. In Nigeria, there is no year past, we have not recorded or experience a massive barbaric and vandalism student riots. Most of the riots have claimed students’ lives and even that of the public at various times.
In 1978 the students protest tagged “Ali must Go” claimed about 17 lives of students and 5 policemen lost their lives. The 1987 and 2006 students religious riot and 1988 feel riot in which the student protested against the increase of the federal government of petrol price claimed students lives and that of the public respectively. When you examine what caused the whole riots, the substance behind it all was nothing short of lack of political understanding allied into youthful exorbitant
The students and their leaders could have opted for negotiation and diplomacy if they had known their roles as future leaders of the society, this was as a result of lack of political education.
A recent discussion with one-student activist revealed that many students have no adequate knowledge of democratic values and attitudes. Furthermore, the question was asked on his role and expectation exposed his emptiness about his understanding what role he is to play in office and even in future dream of leadership.
If there is anything that should bother the government, it is that of creating political understanding and knowledge in students in universities and colleges because of their position in taking over the leadership mantle which is the chief malady of the Nigeria society.
Another aspect among students is the lack of students’ interest in the political activities and participation of their movements especially now that unionism is not more compulsory as before. The students are only keen or interested in social club to dream off and local government/state meetings, which tend to dream off and separate them far from the political realities of the society.
It is this lack of interest in students’ political participation that the researchers aimed among all things in investigate.
The role of the school-universities and colleges in the leadership training of the students for future leadership in the society also constitutes part of the investigation. The problems experienced in our campuses, as it involves the students and the school authorities have not been attributed who failed to update their duty as trainer. It is this problem situation that the researchers want to make better or investigate.
1.3 Research Questions
For the purpose of this study, the following questions are posed;
1. Do students’ leadership skills of those who receive political/awareness differ from those who do not?
2. Do students’ performance in leadership differs across sex (with gender)?
3. Do students’ performance in leadership differs across faculties?
1.4 Objectives of the Study
The aims and objectives of the study are;
1. To examine how political education can achieve the possible changes in the students leadership both in area of perception and mobilization.
2. To determine whether female students have better leadership skills than their male counterparts.
3. To identify the scope of students leadership role in the university of Ilorin.
1.5 Significance of Study
The study has been undertaken to suggest ways and means of encouraging effective leadership role on the part of the students in tertiary institutions. It is hoped that knowledge gained from the research will help administrators, lecturer (teachers) and students to fit in the leadership role in the society.
Furthermore, knowledge gained from this research will also encourage future researchers in the field. Finally, the result of this study will be useful to lecturers and students in the administrative work of the school in particular and the society in general.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This research is aimed at investigating into the effects of political education on students’ leadership skills in University Of Ilorin from 2015-2017.
This study is to find out the extent to which political education will help to improve students’ leadership skills or role in our tertiary institutions.
The problems faced in the course of the work are mainly financing of the research, sourcing of research materials and information and time which constrained the process of data collection. This notwithstanding the researcher endeavored to collect the relevant data, organize and analyze the data thus enhancing a scientific research work.
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