ABSTRACT
The parasite (Plasmodium falciparum) was successfully cultivated invitro using infected human blood. The level of percentage parasiteamia was monitored in the blood culture for seven days in which the parasites grow in different stages. The parasites (Plasmodium faciparum) grew gradually from 0.45% the first day to 0.5% the second day, from the third day to the fourth day, the parasites grew from 1.12%-2.30%. There was a huge gap from the fourth to the fifth day, the growth of the parasites rise from 2.30% -10.19%, these was due to the rate at which the parasites feeds on red blood cells. From day six to day seven, the growth of the parasites grew from 11.03% – 18.75%. The Schizonts were isolated from the different stages of the parasite growth. Deductions from this study have shown that Plasmodium faciparum experiences a fast rate of growth at the schizont stage of development.
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 TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENTS
Title Page
Declaration
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract
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CHAPTER ONE
Introduction 1
1.1Â Â Â Â Aims
1.2Â Â Â Â Objectives
1.3Â Â Â Â Justification of the Study
1.4Â Â Â Â Scope of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0Â Â Â Â Literature Review
2.1.0Â Epidemiology and Biology
2.2.0Â Pathogenesis and Clinical Features
2.3.0Â Diagnosis
2.4.0Â Treatment
2.5.0Â Anti-Malaria Drug Resistance
2.5.1Â Studies on the Genetics of Drug Resistance and Population Mechanics
2.5.2Â Field Evaluation of Drug Resistance in Malaria
2.6.0Â Malaria Culture
2.6.1Â Erythrocytic Stages
2.6.2Â Roles of Erythrocytes in the Culture System
2.6.3Â Culture System
2.6.4Â Parasite Isolates
2.6.5Â Applications of Invitro Cultivation Techniques
2.7.0Â Synchronization of Plasmodium falciparum
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CHAPTER THREE
3.0Â Â Â Â Methods
3.1    Preparation of Culture Medium for Cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum
3.2Â Â Â Â Serum Preparation
3.3Â Â Â Â Complete Medium
3.4Â Â Â Â Preparation of Erythrocytes (RBCs) for Culture
3.5Â Â Â Â Continuous Culture of Plasmodium falciparum
3.5.1Â Initiation of Culture
3.5.2Â Monitoring Culture Growth
3.6Â Â Â Â Smear Preparation
3.6.1 Estimation of the Percentage of Erythrocytes infected  with Plasmodium falciparum
3.7Â Â Â Â Subculturing (Passaging)
3.8Â Â Â Â Procedure on Synchronization of Plasmodium falciparum
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CHAPTER FOUR
4.0Â Â Â Â Results
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CHAPTER FIVE
5.0Â Â Â Â Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1Â Â Â Â Discussion
5.2Â Â Â Â Conclusion
5.3Â Â Â Â Recommendation
References
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
On a global scale, malaria has been and remains a major public health concern. It represents the world’s greatest public health problem in term of number of people affected, levels of morbidity and mortality. Malaria is a mosquito borne infectious disease of humans and animals.
It is caused by parasitic protozoan (a group of single celled micro-organism) belonging to the genus Plasmodium. Plasmodium falciparum is one of the species of plasmodium that causes malaria in humans. It is transmitted by the female anopheles mosquito. Malaria caused by this species is the most dangerous form of malaria with the highest rate of complications and mortality.
Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, fatigue, vomiting and headache in severe cases it can cause yellow skin, coma or death.
The commonest species of the parasite that causes infection in humans are plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae. Recently, plasmodium knowlesi has been recognized as the fifth malaria specie known to cause human infection (White, 2008).
Nigeria, with an estimated 170 million inhabitants, has approximately 97% of the population at risk and suffers the world’s largest malaria burden, with about 51 million cases and 207,000 deaths annually(NMCP, 2010).
These figures approach 25% of the total malaria burden in Africa. Malaria reportedly accounts for an estimated 60% of the outpatient clinic visits in health facilities, 30% of hospitalizations, 30% of under-five mortality, 25% of infant mortality and 11% of maternal mortality in Nigeria (WHO, 2012). Success in malaria control program will go a long way in bringing down the global burden.
Therefore, existing interventions needs to be more widely applied, including the use of insecticide treated bed nets to reduce mosquito bites, antimalarial drug prophylaxis targeted to vulnerable groups, and access to prompt diagnosis and treatment.
1.2AIM
The aim of this research work is to cultivate and synchronize Plasmodium falciparum invitro.
OBJECTIVES
To cultivate the parasite(Plasmodium falciparum) from an infected blood.
To monitor the level of parasitaemia in the blood culture for 7 days.
To isolate the schizonts from the different stages of the parasite growth.
1.3 JUSTIFICATION
Because of the high resistance of drugs to malaria parasites, there is a need for conducting research that will enable the testing of different materials for the effect on the parasite invitro and invivo.
1.4 SCOPE
This research work will only be based on the cultivation and isolation of Plasmodium falcip
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