Full project work on Dietary Question On Assessemnt Of Nutritional Intakes (Iron And Proteins) Among Pregnant Wowen (A case study of Shehu Muhammad Kangiwa Medical Centre, Tudun Wada, Kaduna State)
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
Background of the Study
The nutritional status of a pregnant mother before and during pregnancy has direct relation with birth weight of the baby. The importance of adequate nutrition during pregnancy is well recognized in some advance countries including Nigeria to the extent that it is the birth right of every pregnant mother to have free access to quality food in enough quantity.
Protein is an important nutrient needed for growth and development. Protein are needed to build and repair different tissues of the body, especially brain, muscle and blood. A pregnant woman needs additional protein for her baby’s growth. Each person needs different amount of protein depending on their physiological status.
Iron is an important part of red blood cells, which carry oxygen through the body. Iron help build resistance to stress and disease, as well as help to avoid tiredness, weakness, irritability and depression.
Pregnancy is a normal physiological process. Adequate intakes of nutrients most especially (protein and iron) is needed fro growth of the fetus and placenta. The FAO/WHO recommend an extra 6 grams of good quality protein per day above the recommended for normal adult women.
According to the baby centre. Com, the amino acids that make up protein are the building blocks of the body’s cells- and the baby’s body as well. It is important to get enough protein throughout pregnancy, but especially during the second and third trimesters, when baby is growing fastest, breast and organs are getting bigger to accommodate the needs of growing baby with a vital supporting role for every cell in the body protein is essential for mothers and baby.
Proteins are found in every cell of the body making up skin, muscles, hair, finger nails and all other tissues and organs. During pregnancy, protein helps in baby’s growth normally while contributing to other tissues. They provide structure to cells and help them function properly as well as helping cells repairing themselves.
One of the first benefit in healthy protein intake during pregnancy is healthy birth weight. A healthy birth weight has been linked to a reduced risk of developing diabetes or becoming over-weight later in life.
The reference nutrient intake (RNI) of protein increases to 5 grams per day during pregnancy. This is 6 gram more than the RNI for non pregnancy women, but is not just the quality that matters, it is also important to eat a variety of protein sources because different proteins provide different amino acids for their quantities.
Iron is a mineral that makes up an important part of hemoglobin, the substance in blood that carries oxygen throughout the body. Iron also carries oxygen in muscle, helping them function properly, in addition, iron helps increase individual resistance to disease and stress.
The body absorbs iron more efficiently during pregnancy and therefore it is important to consume more iron during pregnancy to ensure that mother and her baby are getting enough oxygen. Following an adequate diet and including food rich in iron can help mother to ensure that she is consuming enough iron thing out her pregnancy.
The U.S recommended daily allowance for iron is 30mg per day for pregnant woman and lactating women. During pregnancy a woman’s blood supply increases to supply nutrition to growing fetus. Iron deficiency may cause anemia
This research which was prepared as part of the background documentation for the World Health Organization (WHO) expert consultation, evaluate the nutrients intakes (protein and iron) adequacy during pregnancy for term fetus and mother.
The research focuses on nutrients (protein and iron) which may become growth limiting and on nutrients which there is a high prevalence of maternal dietary deficiencies in some part of the world. It assesses the adequacy of protein and iron. And the possibility of these nutrients for recommended daily requirement.
This research is limited to the nutrient need of fetus and mother. It is important that functional outcomes, e.g. infant morbidity and mortality are taken into consideration.
1.2 Objectives of the Study
Evaluate the intake of protein and iron by pregnant women attending Shehu Muhammad Kangiwa Memorial Medical Centre,Kaduna Polytechnic.
Identify causes of under nourishment by these pregnant women.
Determine the knowledge of pregnant women on protein and iron intake during pregnancy.
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