Determination Of The Concentration Of Sodium Ion And Chloride Ion In Local And Commercial Salts

This is the full material for Determination Of The Concentration Of Sodium Ion And Chloride Ion In Local And Commercial Salts

ABSTRACT

The concentration of sodium ion and chloride ion was determined by the titration method, the concentration of different sample of salts both local and commercial were analyzed. The result of sodium ion of the two local salts are found to be 4.05mol/dm³and 4.27mol/dm³ and that of chloride ion are 4.05mol/dm³ and 4.27mol/dm³ and then the sodium ion concentration of  commercial salts are found to be 4.41mol/dm³ and 4.54mol/dm³ and that of chloride ion are 4.41mol/dm³ and 4.54mol/dm³ the concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) compound local salts was found to be Nassarawa: 8.10mol/dm³ and Taraba: 8.54mol/dm³ and the two commercial salts Dangote and Mr. Chef are found to be 8.82 and 9.08mol/dm³. While the WHO standard value of Na⁺ and Cl⁺ are 2.26mol/dm³ and 2.26mol/dm³and the sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration was given as 4.52mol/dm³.

Thus, these indicates that the concentration in mol/dm³ of all the commercial and local salts are found to be higher than the WHO standard. This reveal that the consumption of the salts may lead to adverse effect to human. 

 TABLE OF CONTENT

Declaration

Approval page

Acknowledgement

Abstract

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     Introduction

1.2     Justification

1.2     Scope and Limitation

1.3     Aim and Objectives

CHAPTER TWO

Literature Review

History of Salt

2.1.1  Properties of Salt

2.1.2  Salt Varieties and Types

2.2     Availability of Sodium Chloride

2.3     Roles of Sodium Chloride in Food

2.4     Uses and Importance of Sodium Chloride to Human Body

2.5     Uses of Sodium Chloride

2.6     Economic Importance of Sodium Chloride

2.7     Health Benefit of Sodium Chloride

2.8     Effect of Sodium Chloride

2.9     Additive of Sodium Chloride

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     Materials And Method

3.1     Sampling

3.2     Sample

3.4     Sample Collection

3.5     Sample Labelling

3.6     Extraction of Sodium Chloride (Local Salts) From The Soil Sample

3.7     Hydration of The Soil Sample

3.8     Filtration

3.9     Evaporation And Crystallization

2.10   Measurement

CHAPTER FOUR

5.0     Result

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0     Discussion

5.1     Conclusion

5.2     Recommendation

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

CHAPTER ONE

1.0  INTRODUCTION

Sodium chloride also known as salt is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing 1:1 of sodium and chloride ion. Sodium chloride forms a white an hydrous crystal which melt at 801⁰C and boils at 1420⁰C and are very soluble in water.Sodium chloride is formed when sodium atoms interact with chlorine atoms. When this occurs, sodium will donate an electron slightly positive and chlorine slightly negative.

Opposite charges attract, then sodium ions will attract chloride ions and form ionic bond. Chloride is the term use to designate the an ion form of chlorine, the result is crystallized salt that has properties that are different from the two parent elements (sodium and chlorine), the chemical formula for sodium chloride is NaCl, which means that for every sodium present there is exactly one chloride atom.

Na +Cl                                     Na⁺ + Cl^–

There are basically five (5)  types of salt namely acid salt, double salt, complex salt, normal salt and basic salt. Among these salts, some are consumable while others are not. The only edible salt is the common salt or normal salt or sodium chloride. Some of these salts are hydroscopic while others are not. (Connel, 1990).

Sodium chloride in chemical language is a crystalline found abundantly nature. Physically it appears in a cup shaped crystal that may be colourless, transparent, white and translucent depending on the purity. In microbiology, salt from rock deposit is called Brine (Borchestetal, 2003). Sodium is very occurring as deposit, example is sodium chloride (rock salt), sodium trioxocarbonate(iv) and sodium trioxonitrate (v) known as (chile salt petre).

Sodium chloride occurs naturally in form of rock salt, sodium chloride can be obtained from underground deposit containing rock salt, it can also be obtain by the solar evaporation of sea water and it is prepared in the laboratory by the reaction of sodium hydroxide with dilute acid (Meroetal, 2000)

NaOH +HCl                                      NaCl + H₂O

The site for the reference of the local salt  in this project iskeana Local Government Area of Nassarawa State and Bormanda Local Government Area of Taraba State. In Keana LGA, Nassarawa state and Bormand LGA of Taraba State, there has been an extensive mining of salts (Halite). These communities has been involved in the commercial production of salt long years ago so as to enable them earn a living through this trade.

Thus, salt mining by the native dates as far back as the foundation of the town itself. The commercial salt is Dangote and Anapurna which is the most common household salt use and is highly iodized.The concentration value of sodium chloride of each sample will be determined by titration method and compared according to the concentration value of sodium chloride gotten from the standard salt recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) which is 4.52 mol/dm³, any salt that containmore than this concentration is said to be harmful to the health of the consumer. Titration method was used to determine the concentration of sodium ion and chloride ion in different samples of salt.

Justification

Salt,  NaCl is an ionic compound made of sodium and chloride ions which has been exceptionally important to humans for thousand years, because it is one of the substances upon which all of life evolved to depend. Humans, like all of life, need a supply of salt in order to simply survive.

Salt’s ability to preserve food was a found atom of civilization. Today, salt is almost universally accessible, relatively cheap and often iodized. It has been documented that salt has been use as long as human itself.

1.2 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This research is limited to determining the concentration of sodium ion and chloride ion in local and commercial salts within Kaduna metropolis.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The overall aim of the research is to determine the concentration of sodium ion and chloride ion in local and commercial salts.

Specific objectives of this research include:

To determine the concentration of sodium ion and chloride ion in local and commercial salts and compare it with the standard recommended by World Health Organization (WHO).

compare the best among the local and the commercial salt that can be good for consumption

 

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